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Updated: Jun 11, 2025

Determination of the Relative Potency of an Anti-TNF Monoclonal Antibody mAb by Neutralizing TNF Using an In Vitro Bioanalytical Method

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Published on: September 16, 2017

Methotrexate and Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors Independently Decrease Neutralizing Antibodies after SARS-CoV-2

Carol A Hitchon¹, Dawn M E Bowdish², Gilles Boire³

¹Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.

|September 28, 2024

Summary

Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) and methotrexate independently reduce SARS-CoV-2 neutralization after COVID-19 vaccination in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID). This highlights the need for optimized vaccination strategies in this vulnerable population.

Keywords:

COVID-19 TNF-blocking antibody autoimmune diseases immune-mediated inflammatory disease methotrexate tumor necrosis factor inhibitors vaccination

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Author Spotlight: A Pseudotype Virus System for Assessing Omicron Subvariants and Neutralizing Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Research

Author Spotlight: A Pseudotype Virus System for Assessing Omicron Subvariants and Neutralizing Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Research

Published on: September 8, 2023

Area of Science:

Immunology
Virology
Rheumatology

Background:

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains a significant cause of mortality.
Patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID) often receive immunosuppressive therapies, potentially impacting vaccine efficacy.
Understanding the effects of specific treatments on vaccine response is crucial for managing infectious disease risk in IMID populations.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of methotrexate and tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) on SARS-CoV-2 neutralization responses following COVID-19 vaccination in IMID patients.
To quantify the independent effects of these medications on antibody neutralization against different SARS-CoV-2 strains.

Main Methods:

Prospective collection of sera from 479 adults with various IMIDs (IBD, RA, PsA, SpA, SLE) across six Canadian academic centers.
Evaluation of neutralization capacity against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strains and Omicron variants (BA1, BA5) using sera from two time points.
Multivariate generalized logit models and random-effects meta-analyses were employed to assess the adjusted odds ratios for methotrexate and TNFi effects.

Main Results:

Both TNFi and methotrexate were independently associated with diminished SARS-CoV-2 neutralization responses.
Meta-analysis showed adjusted odds ratios for TNFi of 0.56 (95% CI 0.39, 0.81) for ancestral strain and BA5.
Meta-analysis revealed an adjusted odds ratio for methotrexate of 0.39 (95% CI 0.19, 0.76) for the BA1 strain.

Conclusions:

Vaccinated individuals with IMID treated with TNFi or methotrexate exhibit reduced SARS-CoV-2 neutralization.
These findings underscore the need for continued vigilance and optimization of COVID-19 vaccination strategies in IMID patients.
Further research may explore alternative or augmented vaccination protocols for immunosuppressed populations.