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Neuroimaging Findings From Cerebral Structure and Function in Coronary Artery Disease

Wanbing Wang1, Xinghua Zhang1, Jinhao Lyu1

  • 1Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.

Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging : JMRI
|September 28, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Coronary artery disease (CAD) impacts brain health through complex heart-brain interactions. Advanced neuroimaging aids in early detection of CAD-related brain changes, improving understanding of this relationship.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular science
  • Neuroscience
  • Medical imaging

Background:

  • Bidirectional communication between the cardiovascular system and the central nervous system (CNS), termed heart-brain interaction, is vital for understanding coronary artery disease (CAD) effects on brain health.
  • CAD contributes to brain abnormalities via inflammation, oxidative stress, altered neuronal activity, neuroendocrine imbalances, and reduced cerebral perfusion.
  • The complex interplay involves parallel pathways within the CNS, endocrine, and immune systems, with mechanisms still under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiological mechanisms of CAD in heart-brain interaction.
  • To summarize recent neuroimaging studies investigating brain abnormalities in CAD patients.
  • To highlight the role of advanced neuroimaging in early detection and understanding CAD-related cerebral changes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on heart-brain interaction and CAD.
  • Summary of neuroimaging studies employing multiparametric techniques.
  • Focus on advanced functional, diffusion, and perfusion neuroimaging modalities.

Main Results:

  • Neuroimaging provides crucial insights into subtle cerebral abnormalities in CAD patients.
  • Multiparametric neuroimaging reveals the evolving nature of CAD-related brain changes over time.
  • Advanced techniques offer high resolution, multiparametric capabilities, and high contrast for early detection.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding heart-brain interaction is key to addressing CAD's impact on brain health.
  • Advanced neuroimaging is instrumental in detecting early structural and functional brain changes associated with CAD.
  • Further exploration of these intricate relationships is facilitated by high-resolution, multiparametric imaging techniques.

Keywords:
MRIatherosclerosisbrain injurycoronary artery diseaseheart–brain interactionneuroimaging

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