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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2025

Transoral Robotic Total Thyroidectomy and Bilateral Central Regional Lymph Node Dissection for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
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Total Thyroidectomy versus Subtotal Thyroidectomy as a Suitable Surgery for Benign Thyroid Disorders.

W M El-Sayed1, S Elhariri2, M S F Mekhaeel3

  • 1Department of Surgery Military Medical Academy, Cairo, Egypt. Email: sherreenelhariri@imu.edu.my. Tel., (+60) 1137778327.

West African Journal of Medicine
|September 28, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Total thyroidectomy (TT) and subtotal thyroidectomy (STT) for benign thyroid disease show comparable complication rates. TT offers a permanent cure for goiter without recurrence, while STT carries a risk of recurrence and incidental malignancies.

Keywords:
Benign thyroid disordersSubtotal thyroidectomyTotal thyroidectomy

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrine Surgery
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Thyroidology

Background:

  • Thyroid disease management involves various surgical options including lobectomy, subtotal thyroidectomy (STT), and total thyroidectomy (TT).
  • Benign thyroid disorders necessitate surgical intervention when conservative measures fail or complications arise.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the complication rates of total thyroidectomy (TT) versus subtotal thyroidectomy (STT) in patients with bilateral benign thyroid disorders.
  • To evaluate operative time, hospital stay, and long-term outcomes including recurrence and incidental malignancies for both surgical approaches.

Main Methods:

  • A comparative study involving sixty patients with benign goiter.
  • Thirty-two patients underwent total thyroidectomy (TT), and twenty-eight patients underwent subtotal thyroidectomy (STT).
  • Data collected included indications for surgery, operative time, hospital stay, and postoperative complications.

Main Results:

  • Transient recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy occurred in 6.25% of TT patients and 3.57% of STT patients.
  • Temporary hypoparathyroidism was observed in 9.38% of TT patients versus 7.14% of STT patients.
  • Permanent complications were rare, with one case of permanent RLN palsy and hypoparathyroidism in the TT group; no permanent complications occurred in the STT group. Goiter recurrence was noted in 7.14% of STT patients, and incidental malignancies were found in both groups.

Conclusions:

  • Total thyroidectomy (TT) is a suitable surgical option for bilateral benign thyroid disease, demonstrating comparable complication rates, operative time, and hospital stay to subtotal thyroidectomy (STT).
  • TT provides a definitive cure, eliminating the risk of goiter recurrence.
  • TT also allows for the detection and management of incidental thyroid malignancies, which may be missed with STT.