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Updated: Jun 11, 2025

Optogenetic Manipulation of Neural Circuits During Monitoring Sleep/wakefulness States in Mice

Optogenetic Manipulation of Neural Circuits During Monitoring Sleep/wakefulness States in Mice

Published on: June 19, 2019

Brain gene expression reveals pathways underlying nocturnal migratory restlessness.

Valeria Marasco¹, Leonida Fusani^2,3, Patricia Haubensak²

¹Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Savoyenstraße 1a, Vienna, 1160, Austria. valeria.marasco@vetmeduni.ac.at.

Scientific Reports

|September 28, 2024

Summary

Seasonal bird migration involves significant physiological changes. This study reveals that hypothalamic gene expression, particularly apolipoprotein pathways, regulates lipid transport and drives nocturnal migratory behavior in Common quails.

Keywords:

Apolipoproteins Avian migration Brain transcriptomics Lipid metabolism Nocturnal restlessness Seasonal energy turnovers Seasonality

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Last Updated: Jun 11, 2025

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Published on: September 27, 2012

Area of Science:

Animal Behavior
Neuroscience
Molecular Biology

Background:

Long-distance bird migration requires extreme energy expenditure and physiological adaptations.
The molecular mechanisms and brain adaptations underlying seasonal bird migration are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the molecular underpinnings of seasonal migration in the Common quail's brain.
To identify gene expression changes in the hypothalamus associated with the migratory state.

Main Methods:

Common quails were exposed to simulated autumn migration photoperiods.
De novo RNA-sequencing of hypothalamic tissue was performed on migratory and non-migratory birds.
Differential gene expression and pathway analyses were conducted, focusing on candidate genes like apolipoprotein H (APOH).

Main Results:

The migratory state showed up-regulation of gene networks involved in fat trafficking and metabolism.
Expression of APOH and LAMP2 varied with time of day, with higher levels in migratory birds at night.
APOH expression positively correlated with nocturnal activity in migratory birds.

Conclusions:

Hypothalamic apolipoprotein pathways are key regulators of lipid transport and nocturnal migratory behavior.
These findings provide insights into the molecular basis of the migratory phenotype in birds.