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The low reactivity in alkanes can be attributed to the non-polar nature of C–C and C–H σ bonds. Alkanes, therefore, were  initially termed as “paraffins,” derived from the Latin words: parum, meaning “too little,” and affinis, meaning “affinity.”
Alkanes undergo combustion in the presence of excess oxygen and high-temperature conditions to give carbon dioxide and water. A combustion reaction is the energy source in natural gas, liquified...
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Combustion, commonly known as burning, is a reaction in which a substance reacts with an oxidizing agent, which in most cases is molecular oxygen, to liberate energy in the form of heat, light, or sound. The heat of combustion is also known as the enthalpy of combustion. The energy released when one mole of a substance undergoes complete combustion at constant pressure is called molar heat of combustion. Combustion reactions are exothermic; that is, they release energy, and their ΔH sign...
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The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
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The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this...
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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Volatilization gravimetry is an analytical technique that measures the mass lost due to the volatilization of the substance. This technique is used to estimate the amount of volatile material in a sample. To perform this method, heat a known amount of the sample to a high temperature in a crucible or other suitable vessel. The volatile substance in the sample evaporates, and the vapor is completely expelled from the crucible either by heating the sample or bubbling a stream of inert gas through...
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Contribution of plastic solid components to volatile organic compounds formation during plastics combustion.

Xinglei Wang1, Simeng Tang1, Ling Ding2

  • 1College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.

Journal of Hazardous Materials
|September 29, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Combustion of plastic waste releases harmful volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This study reveals VOC formation mechanisms linked to solid component degradation, offering insights for contaminant control.

Keywords:
CombustionPlastic solid componentsRelationshipVolatile organic compounds

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Polymer Science
  • Combustion Science

Background:

  • Plastic waste combustion generates harmful volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
  • Micro-mechanisms of VOC formation during plastic combustion are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between VOC formation and solid component degradation during plastic combustion.
  • To elucidate the formation pathways and characteristics of VOCs released from different plastic types.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of VOCs released during the combustion of various plastics.
  • Characterization of VOCs based on carbon content, volatility, and oxidation degree.
  • Comparison of VOC profiles from polyethylene terephthalate (PET), poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), polyethylene (PE), and polypropylene (PP).

Main Results:

  • VOCs released have low carbon content, medium volatility, and medium oxidation degree.
  • Ketones, aldehydes, and acids are dominant VOCs, originating from polymer depolymerization and oxidation.
  • PET and PBAT combustion yield more aromatics than PE and PP, with a delayed temperature response for aromatics from PET/PBAT.

Conclusions:

  • VOC formation during plastic combustion is closely tied to solid component degradation.
  • Similar chemical structures of PET and PBAT lead to comparable VOC formation mechanisms.
  • Understanding these mechanisms aids in controlling contaminants from plastic combustion.