Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Nonconscious Mimicry01:13

Nonconscious Mimicry

4.5K
Nonconscious mimicry occurs when individuals alter their mannerisms to match the behaviors and expressions of those nearby, without intention.
4.5K
Observational Learning01:12

Observational Learning

145
Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning...
145
Social Cognitive Perspective on Personality01:30

Social Cognitive Perspective on Personality

507
Social cognitive perspectives on personality emphasize the importance of conscious awareness, beliefs, expectations, and goals in shaping behavior. These perspectives incorporate behaviorist principles, such as learning through reinforcement and conditioning, but extend beyond them by highlighting human reasoning and planning. Unlike traditional behaviorist views, social cognitive theory focuses on how individuals reflect on their past experiences and plan for future outcomes by considering...
507
Cognitive Development During Adolescence01:18

Cognitive Development During Adolescence

47
During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the...
47
Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

56
Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
56
Empathy02:34

Empathy

9.6K
Some researchers suggest that altruism operates on empathy. Empathy is the capacity to understand another person’s perspective, to feel what he or she feels. An empathetic person makes an emotional connection with others and feels compelled to help (Batson, 1991). Empathy can be expressed in several ways, including cognitive, affective, and motor. 
9.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Expert consensus on the detection and clinical application of tumor mutational burden.

Cancer biology & medicine·2026
Same author

Does Emotional Working Memory Training Ameliorate Anxiety and Depression? A Meta-Analytic Review.

Brain sciences·2026
Same author

Independent and joint associations of physical activity and sleep with ADHD in a population-based sample of children: A cross-sectional study.

General hospital psychiatry·2026
Same author

[Practice guideline for standardized construction of ambulatory surgery in pediatric otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery].

Lin chuang er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Journal of clinical otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery·2025
Same author

Influence of Visual and Action Experiences on Sensorimotor Simulation During Action Verb Processing: The Roles of Motor Perspective and Personal Pronouns.

Cognitive science·2025
Same author

Neural representations of different features in the observation of table tennis actions.

Psychology of sport and exercise·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2025

Corticospinal Excitability Modulation During Action Observation
12:33

Corticospinal Excitability Modulation During Action Observation

Published on: December 31, 2013

8.8K

Action expectancy modulates activity in the mirror neuron system and mentalizing system.

Hong Mou1, Likai Liu1, Ting Zhou1

  • 1School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Center for Exercise and Brain Science, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.

Neuroimage
|September 29, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Understanding actions involves concrete perception and abstract intention. Expected actions engage the mirror neuron system, while unexpected actions recruit both mirror neuron and mentalizing systems for comprehension.

Keywords:
Action observationEffective connectivityFunctional magnetic resonance imagingNeural activityUnexpected actions

More Related Videos

EEG Mu Rhythm in Typical and Atypical Development
11:50

EEG Mu Rhythm in Typical and Atypical Development

Published on: April 9, 2014

25.7K
A Novel Experimental and Analytical Approach to the Multimodal Neural Decoding of Intent During Social Interaction in Freely-behaving Human Infants
11:14

A Novel Experimental and Analytical Approach to the Multimodal Neural Decoding of Intent During Social Interaction in Freely-behaving Human Infants

Published on: October 4, 2015

10.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 11, 2025

Corticospinal Excitability Modulation During Action Observation
12:33

Corticospinal Excitability Modulation During Action Observation

Published on: December 31, 2013

8.8K
EEG Mu Rhythm in Typical and Atypical Development
11:50

EEG Mu Rhythm in Typical and Atypical Development

Published on: April 9, 2014

25.7K
A Novel Experimental and Analytical Approach to the Multimodal Neural Decoding of Intent During Social Interaction in Freely-behaving Human Infants
11:14

A Novel Experimental and Analytical Approach to the Multimodal Neural Decoding of Intent During Social Interaction in Freely-behaving Human Infants

Published on: October 4, 2015

10.9K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Action understanding integrates kinematic and intentional processing.
  • The mirror neuron system (MNS) and mentalizing system (MS) roles are debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate neural correlates of expected versus unexpected action observation.
  • Clarify the distinct and overlapping roles of MNS and MS.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study with 26 participants.
  • Passive observation of expected and unexpected actions.
  • Whole-brain, region of interest, and effective connectivity analyses.

Main Results:

  • Expected actions: increased left medial superior frontal gyrus activation.
  • Unexpected actions: heightened left supramarginal gyrus, left superior parietal lobule, right inferior temporal gyrus, and left middle frontal gyrus activation.
  • Connectivity between MNS and MS regions observed for unexpected actions.

Conclusions:

  • Expected actions primarily processed by the MNS.
  • Unexpected actions engage both MNS and MS, indicating complementary roles.
  • Neural mechanisms differentiate processing of expected and unexpected action intentions.