Task-based modulation of functional connectivity of dorsal attention network in adult-ADHD

Recent studies have prompted a shift in the understanding of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from models positing dysfunction of individual brain areas to those that assume alterations in large-scale brain networks. Despite this shift, the underlying neural mechanism of ADHD in the adult population remains uncertain. With functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), this study examined brain connectivity of dorsal and ventral attention networks. Adults with and without ADHD completed a Go/No-Go task inside the scanner and the functional connectivity of attention networks was analysed. The generalized psychophysiological interaction analysis indicated differences involving the dorsal attention network. For the ADHD group, an interaction effect revealed altered dorsal attention-default mode network connectivity modulation, particularly between the right frontal eye field and posterior cingulate gyrus. We conclude that dorsal attention network dysfunction may be involved in sustained attention deficits in adult-ADHD. This study sheds light into network-level alterations contributing to the understanding of adult-ADHD, which may be a potential avenue for future research and clinical interventions.