Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2025

An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
09:01

An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Published on: December 10, 2013

7.9K

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Notification Trends and Interpretation of the Reported Case Data, 2018-2021,

Miyako Otsuka1, Ayu Kasamatsu1, Yuzo Arima1

  • 1Center for Surveillance, Immunization, and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan.

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases
|September 29, 2024
PubMed

Insights

The COVID-19 pandemic impacted respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection trends in Japan. While 2020 saw fewer RSV cases, 2021 experienced an early, high peak with more older children affected and milder presentations.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the epidemiology of various infectious diseases globally.
  • Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a common cause of respiratory infections in children, with significant public health implications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the epidemiological trends of RSV infection among children in Japan from 2018 to 2021.
  • To analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on RSV notification patterns, age distribution, and clinical presentation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized national surveillance data for RSV cases in children across Japan (2018-2021).
  • Analyzed notification trends per sentinel site, age-specific case counts, and outpatient vs. hospital diagnoses.
  • Examined RSV-attributed deaths from vital statistics.

Main Results:

  • RSV notifications significantly decreased in 2020 compared to 2018-2019, likely due to COVID-19 countermeasures.
  • 2021 showed an unseasonably early and high RSV peak, with increased cases in older children (2-4+ years) and a higher proportion of milder outpatient cases.
  • RSV-attributed deaths decreased in 2020 and rebounded in 2021, but remained lower than pre-pandemic levels.

Conclusions:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic caused significant, albeit temporary, disruptions to RSV epidemiology in Japan.
  • The 2021 resurgence suggests a complex interplay of waning immunity and potential shifts in healthcare-seeking behavior.
  • Continuous surveillance and multifaceted assessments are crucial for understanding and managing RSV due to its unpredictable nature.

Keywords:
Japandescriptive epidemiologyrespiratory syncytial virussentinel surveillanceseverity

More Related Videos

Generation, Amplification, and Titration of Recombinant Respiratory Syncytial Viruses11:48

Generation, Amplification, and Titration of Recombinant Respiratory Syncytial Viruses

Published on: April 4, 2019

15.4K
An Improved and High Throughput Respiratory Syncytial Virus RSV Micro-neutralization Assay09:14

An Improved and High Throughput Respiratory Syncytial Virus RSV Micro-neutralization Assay

Published on: January 26, 2019

10.8K

Related Concept Videos

Common Respiratory Disorders01:31

Common Respiratory Disorders

Respiratory disorders, a prevalent health concern globally, are generally divided into two primary categories: upper and lower respiratory tract disorders. The categorization is based on the area of the respiratory system they affect.
Upper respiratory disorders impact the airways above the vocal cords, encompassing areas like the nose, sinuses, and throat. Various conditions fall under this category, including the common cold and allergic rhinitis. These disorders can stem from several causes,...
330
Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
179
Acute Respiratory Failure-I01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-I

Acute respiratory failure is a condition characterized by the inability of the lungs to perform their primary function: gas exchange. This failure leads to insufficient oxygen levels (hypoxemia) in the blood, elevated carbon dioxide levels (hypercapnia), or both, causing critical impairment in organ function.
Definition: It is defined by specific criteria based on blood gas measurements. Hypoxemia happens when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) falls below 60 mmHg. At the same time,...
176
Acute Respiratory Failure-V01:29

Acute Respiratory Failure-V

The treatment for acute respiratory failure varies based on factors like the underlying cause, overall health, and severity. A collaborative healthcare team is essential for early detection, often through arterial blood gas analysis. Identifying the cause is the primary goal, with treatment strategies adjusted for ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, shunting, or diffusion impairment.
Ensure that patients are monitored continuously for their response to therapy, including changes in...
124
Acute Respiratory Failure-III01:30

Acute Respiratory Failure-III

Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without...
162
Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
229