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Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

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Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH...

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Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer

Published on: June 9, 2023

Track recurrence after remote-access thyroid surgeries: A systematic review.

Moon Young Oh¹, Young Jun Chai^1,2

¹Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.

World Journal of Surgery

|September 29, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Track recurrence after remote-access thyroidectomy is rare but significant. Careful surgical techniques and monitoring are essential to minimize this risk and ensure favorable outcomes.

Keywords:

recurrence remote‐access surgery systematic review thyroid cancer thyroidectomy track recurrence

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Mixed Reality Assisted Radical Endoscopic Thyroidectomy

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Published on: January 31, 2025

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Surgical Oncology

Background:

Remote-access thyroidectomy techniques are increasingly utilized.
Track recurrence, defined as thyroid tissue implantation along the surgical access route, is a known complication.
This review systematically examines reported cases of track recurrence following endoscopic or robotic thyroidectomy.

Approach:

A comprehensive literature search was performed across major databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar) up to June 2024.
Case reports detailing track recurrence after endoscopic or robotic thyroidectomy were identified and analyzed.
Data extracted included patient demographics, surgical details, recurrence detection methods, and management strategies.

Key Points:

Seventeen case reports involving 18 patients were included in the review.
The majority of patients were female, with a mean age of 34.6 years.
Recurrence was detected via palpable nodules, imaging, or elevated serum thyroglobulin (Tg) levels, with intervals ranging from 3 months to 8 years.
Initial tumor diagnoses included both thyroid cancers and benign lesions.

Conclusions:

Track recurrence following remote-access thyroidectomy, while uncommon, necessitates careful consideration.
Meticulous surgical techniques, cautious tissue handling, and diligent postoperative surveillance are crucial for risk mitigation.
Prompt recognition and management of track recurrence are associated with positive patient outcomes.