Engineering next-generation oxygen-generating scaffolds to enhance bone regeneration

In bone, an adequate oxygen (O₂) supply is crucial during development, homeostasis, and healing. Oxygen-generating scaffolds (OGS) have demonstrated significant potential to enhance bone regeneration. However, the complexity of O₂ delivery and signaling in vivo makes it challenging to tailor the design of OGS to precisely meet this biological requirement. We review recent advances in OGS and analyze persisting engineering and translational hurdles. We also discuss the potential of computational and machine learning (ML) models to facilitate the integration of novel imaging data with biological readouts and advanced biomanufacturing technologies. By elucidating how to tackle current challenges using cutting-edge technologies, we provide insights for transitioning from traditional to next-generation OGS to improve bone regeneration in patients.