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All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
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The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
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A multidisciplinary view of flash irradiation.

Flavia Gesualdi1, Ludovic de Marzi2, Marie Dutreix3

  • 1Institut Curie, Hospital Division, centre de protonthérapie d'Orsay, université Paris-Saclay, université PSL, centre universitaire, 91948 Orsay cedex, France.

Cancer Radiotherapie : Journal De La Societe Francaise De Radiotherapie Oncologique
|September 29, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Flash irradiation (flash-RT) delivers ultra-high radiation doses, sparing healthy tissues while maintaining anti-tumor effects in animal models. This review explores flash-RT

Keywords:
DosimetryDosimétrieFlashIrradiationMolecular mechanismMécanisme moléculaireRadiotherapyRadiothérapieTechnologieTechnologyUltra-haut débit de doseUltra-high dose rate

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Conventional radiotherapy relies on a dose-effect proportionality, which flash irradiation challenges.
  • Ultra-high dose rate radiation delivery, termed flash irradiation (flash-RT), is a novel radiotherapy modality.
  • Flash-RT demonstrates potential for improved therapeutic ratios in preclinical studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define the specific characteristics of flash irradiation.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms responsible for the "flash effect".
  • To review advancements in translating flash-RT to clinical patient treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on flash irradiation.
  • Analysis of preclinical data from animal models.
  • Discussion of molecular pathways involved in radiation response.

Main Results:

  • Flash-RT spares healthy tissues from radiation-induced side effects.
  • Anti-tumor efficacy is preserved in animal models treated with flash-RT.
  • The "flash effect" suggests a unique biological response to ultra-high dose rate radiation.

Conclusions:

  • Flash irradiation represents a paradigm shift in radiotherapy.
  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms is crucial for clinical translation.
  • Ongoing developments aim to bring flash-RT to patients, potentially improving cancer treatment outcomes.