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Effect of mixed probiotics on pulmonary flora in patients with mechanical ventilation: an exploratory randomized

Peng Lu1,2,3, Dongliang Li3, Qing Tian4

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.

European Journal of Medical Research
|September 29, 2024
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Mechanical ventilation reduces lung microbial diversity in critically ill patients. Mixed probiotics, including Lactobacillus, improved pulmonary flora diversity and showed associations with IL-17A levels.

Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Microbiology
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Mechanical ventilation is associated with significant alterations in the pulmonary microbiome.
  • Critically ill patients often experience a decline in lung microbial diversity.
  • Understanding the impact of interventions on the lung microbiome is crucial for improving patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of mixed probiotics on pulmonary microbial diversity in mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients.
  • To analyze changes in lung microbes and their association with clinical factors and cytokine levels.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized controlled trial involving 24 adult critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation.
  • Administration of a mixed probiotic capsule (Bifico) containing Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Enterococcus to the probiotic group.
  • Collection of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and blood samples for microbial and cytokine analysis.

Main Results:

  • Pulmonary microbial diversity decreased in the control group but remained stable in the probiotic group.
  • Lactobacillus species demonstrated a significant impact on BALF microbial composition in the control group.
  • Elevated IL-17A levels in both blood and BALF were significantly associated with clinical factors.

Conclusions:

  • Mechanical ventilation leads to a reduction in pulmonary microbial diversity.
  • Mixed probiotic administration can help improve and maintain pulmonary microbial diversity in this patient population.
  • Further research is warranted to explore the therapeutic potential of probiotics in critical care.
Keywords:
Gut–lung axisIntestinal floraLung floraMechanical ventilationMixed probiotics

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