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How generative artificial intelligence portrays science: Interviewing ChatGPT from the perspective of different

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Generative artificial intelligence like ChatGPT increasingly informs science topics. This study reveals ChatGPT generally portrays science positively, though personalization varies between GPT versions.

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Area of Science:

  • Science communication and artificial intelligence
  • AI's role in scientific information dissemination

Background:

  • Generative artificial intelligence (AI), particularly ChatGPT, is a growing information source.
  • Its increasing use for science topics necessitates an examination of its portrayal of science.
  • Limited research exists on how AI models represent scientific issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze how ChatGPT presents science, science communication, scientific misconduct, and controversial scientific topics.
  • To compare responses across different user profiles and AI versions (GPT-3.5 vs. GPT-4).

Main Methods:

  • Simulated "interviews" with ChatGPT.
  • Qualitative and quantitative content analysis of AI-generated responses.

Main Results:

  • ChatGPT generally depicts science, primarily STEM, positively and from a positivist-empiricist viewpoint.
  • Consistent communication of scientific consensus on topics like climate change and vaccinations across versions.
  • Significant differences observed in response personalization based on user profiles and between GPT-3.5 and GPT-4.

Conclusions:

  • ChatGPT offers a largely positive and consensus-driven view of science.
  • AI model versions and user-specific interactions influence response personalization and style.