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How generative artificial intelligence portrays science: Interviewing ChatGPT from the perspective of different
Sophia Charlotte Volk1, Mike S Schäfer1, Damiano Lombardi1
1University of Zurich, Switzerland.
Public Understanding of Science (Bristol, England)
|September 30, 2024
Summary
Generative artificial intelligence like ChatGPT increasingly informs science topics. This study reveals ChatGPT generally portrays science positively, though personalization varies between GPT versions.
Area of Science:
- Science communication and artificial intelligence
- AI's role in scientific information dissemination
Background:
- Generative artificial intelligence (AI), particularly ChatGPT, is a growing information source.
- Its increasing use for science topics necessitates an examination of its portrayal of science.
- Limited research exists on how AI models represent scientific issues.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze how ChatGPT presents science, science communication, scientific misconduct, and controversial scientific topics.
- To compare responses across different user profiles and AI versions (GPT-3.5 vs. GPT-4).
Main Methods:
- Simulated "interviews" with ChatGPT.
- Qualitative and quantitative content analysis of AI-generated responses.
Main Results:
- ChatGPT generally depicts science, primarily STEM, positively and from a positivist-empiricist viewpoint.
- Consistent communication of scientific consensus on topics like climate change and vaccinations across versions.
- Significant differences observed in response personalization based on user profiles and between GPT-3.5 and GPT-4.
Conclusions:
- ChatGPT offers a largely positive and consensus-driven view of science.
- AI model versions and user-specific interactions influence response personalization and style.
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