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Relationship between SGLT2 inhibitor use and specific cancer types: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Muhammad Ishtiaq Obaid1, Mohammad Saiem Shahzad1, Fakhar Latif2

  • 1Department of Medicine, Bahria University Medical & Dental College, Karachi, 74400, Pakistan.

Future Science OA
|September 30, 2024
PubMed

Insights

This review of SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in Type 2 diabetes suggests a potential increased risk for certain cancers, though findings lack statistical significance. Further research is needed to confirm these cancer risks.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are increasingly used for Type 2 diabetes management.
  • Concerns exist regarding potential adverse events, including cancer risk, associated with SGLT2i therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the incidence of various cancers as adverse events in patients using SGLT2 inhibitors.
  • To synthesize evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding SGLT2i and cancer risk.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
  • Inclusion of relevant RCTs evaluating SGLT2 inhibitors in Type 2 diabetes.
  • Application of a random effects model to pool risk ratios for cancer incidence.

Main Results:

  • Analysis of 19 studies indicated a potential increased risk for reproductive, breast, thyroid, hematologic/lymphatic, urinary, skin, and skeletal cancers with SGLT2i use.
  • A lower incidence of respiratory and cardiovascular cancers was observed.
  • These observed associations did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusions:

  • While SGLT2 inhibitors may be associated with a potential increased risk of certain cancers, the findings are not statistically significant.
  • Caution is advised when prescribing SGLT2i, particularly in diabetic patients with pre-existing cancer predispositions.
  • Further large-scale randomized controlled trials are essential to definitively assess the cancer risk associated with SGLT2 inhibitors.
Keywords:
SGLT2 inhibitorsantidiabetic medicationcancer incidencecancer riskdiabetes mellitusmalignancymeta-analysisorgan specific cancerssodium-glucose transport protein 2 inhibitorstype 2 diabetes mellitus

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