Normative Radiographic Measurements of Scaphoid in a Sample Indian Population

Introduction  Wrist parameters measured on direct radiography are essential in diagnosing scaphoid-related pathologies and treatment. Although computed tomography has been used to establish normative for scaphoid measurement, no research has focused on Indian norms. This study aimed to determine the distribution and normal limits of parameters measured in our population's posteroanterior (PA) and direct lateral radiographs of the wrist. Materials and Methods  Two investigators conducted a prospective analysis of normal wrist radiographs in a single center. Radiology information system-picture archiving and communication system was used to collect standard digitized normal X-rays without significant osseous pathology over a year. The sample size was 600, distributed among age groups 18 to 30, 31 to 50, and 51 years and above. Scaphoid length, scaphoid width, scapholunate ratio, and scapholunate distance using both Cautilli and Gilula techniques were measured on a PA view, and scapholunate, radioscaphoid, and intrascaphoid angles were measured on a lateral view. As the lunate morphology is supposed to affect carpal kinematics with the scaphoid, the same was evaluated using the Viegas classification. Results  A total of eight measurements were documented. Scaphoid length, scaphoid width measurements, and lateral intrascaphoid angle were more in males than in females and were found to be statistically significant. No other parameters showed any significance in terms of age and relation to lunate morphology. Conclusion  The study offers a comprehensive analysis of measuring parameters specific to the Indian population. For the first time, the measurement of scapholunate distance was conducted utilizing two distinct methodologies. The normative intrascaphoid angle range and clinical implications were determined.