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Noninvasive closed-loop acoustic brain-computer interface for seizure control.

Junjie Zou1,2, Houminji Chen1,2, Xiaoyan Chen2,3

  • 1The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China.

Theranostics
|September 30, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel non-invasive acoustic brain-computer interface (aBCI) that detects seizure onset using EEG and terminates seizures via vagus nerve ultrasound stimulation.

Keywords:
acousticsbrain diseasebrain-computer interfaceepilepsyvagus nerve stimulation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are crucial for understanding the brain.
  • Non-invasive neuromodulation techniques are needed for BCI advancements.
  • Epilepsy treatment requires innovative, non-invasive solutions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a non-invasive closed-loop acoustic brain-computer interface (aBCI).
  • To decode seizure onset using electroencephalography (EEG) and trigger vagus nerve stimulation.
  • To assess the efficacy of aBCI in terminating seizures in a rat epilepsy model.

Main Methods:

  • Developed an aBCI system for real-time EEG seizure onset detection.
  • Utilized ultrasound stimulation of the vagus nerve to terminate seizures in a rat model.
  • Investigated the underlying seizure control mechanisms using RT-qPCR.

Main Results:

  • The aBCI system successfully detected seizure onset and terminated seizures via vagus nerve ultrasound stimulation.
  • Ultrasound stimulation activated nodose ganglion neurons and suppressed hippocampal/amygdala excitability.
  • aBCI demonstrated superior antiepileptic effects compared to conventional electrical vagus nerve stimulation.

Conclusions:

  • Closed-loop aBCI offers a novel, safe, and effective method for treating abnormal neuronal discharges.
  • This technology represents a significant step towards next-generation non-invasive BCIs.
  • aBCI enables on-demand neuromodulation for epilepsy and potentially other neurological disorders.