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Phenotypic stasis with genetic divergence.

François Mallard1, Luke Noble1, Thiago Guzella1

  • 1Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure, CNRS UMR 8197, Inserm U1024, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France.

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Genetic divergence in Caenorhabditis elegans locomotion behavior was explored. Despite phenotypic stasis, genetic variance structure diverged, suggesting drift influences trait evolution under stabilizing selection.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Investigating the compatibility of short-term genetic divergence with phenotypic stasis.
  • Understanding evolutionary dynamics in genetically diverse populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine if genetic divergence can occur without observable changes in locomotion behavior over 240 generations.
  • To analyze the genetic (co)variance structure of locomotion traits during evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Evolving predominantly outcrossing, genetically diverse Caenorhabditis elegans populations for 240 generations in a constant environment.
  • Monitoring individual locomotion behavior, including activity and direction transition rates.
  • Analyzing the genetic (co)variance structure of these traits over time.

Main Results:

  • Locomotion behavior component traits did not diverge from the ancestral state.
  • Significant divergence in the genetic (co)variance structure of transition rates was observed.
  • Genetic differentiation appeared transient, linked to genetic variance loss under drift.

Conclusions:

  • Short-term phenotypic stasis in locomotion behavior is maintained by stabilizing selection.
  • The genetic structuring of locomotion traits is influenced by drift history.
  • Short-term evolution can lead to divergence in genetic architecture without immediate phenotypic change.