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Related Concept Videos

Structure of a Gene01:30

Structure of a Gene

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A gene is the fundamental unit of heredity. Every individual has two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent. Although most people contain the same genes, there is a small fraction that is slightly different amongst people. A gene with a small difference in its sequence of DNA bases forms different alleles, contributing to different phenotypes.
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A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
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The physiological function of a cell and cellular communication are outcomes of a range of extrinsic signals, intracellular signaling pathways, and cellular responses. No two cell types express the same repertoire of signaling components. Receptors are highly selective for their cognate ligands, but once activated, they can alter multiple cellular processes such as DNA transcription, protein synthesis, and metabolic activity. 
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2025

Live-Cell Imaging of Transcriptional Activity at DNA Double-Strand Breaks
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Transcriptional bursting dynamics in gene expression.

Qiuyu Zhang1, Wenjie Cao2, Jiaqi Wang1

  • 1Research Center of Nonlinear Sciences, School of Mathematical & Physical Sciences, Wuhan Textile University, Wu Han, China.

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|September 30, 2024
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Summary

This review explores gene expression models and metrics to understand transcriptional bursting, a key driver of cell diversity. It guides researchers in analyzing complex gene regulation dynamics for applications in cell fate and cancer research.

Keywords:
data integrationgene expression modelparameter inferencesingle-cell sequencing datatranscriptional bursting

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Systems Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Gene transcription is inherently stochastic, leading to significant cellular heterogeneity via transcriptional bursting.
  • This heterogeneity in mRNA and protein levels is crucial for diverse cellular phenotypes.
  • Current research on transcriptional bursting is limited by the absence of comprehensive quantitative models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and compare various gene expression models for transcriptional bursting.
  • To provide a detailed summary of key metrics for analyzing transcriptional bursting.
  • To explore cutting-edge trends and parameter estimation methods in gene expression modeling.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of existing gene expression models.
  • Summary and comparison of transcriptional bursting metrics (e.g., burst size, frequency).
  • Review of biostatistical and biochemical reaction network modeling strategies.
  • Exploration of single-cell sequencing and multiomics approaches.
  • Assessment of classical parameter estimation techniques.

Main Results:

  • Identified strengths and weaknesses of different gene expression models.
  • Compared temporal dynamics and molecular mechanisms of transcriptional bursting across species.
  • Highlighted spatiotemporal patterns in gene expression.
  • Evaluated methods for parameter estimation in gene expression data.

Conclusions:

  • Provides insights into transcriptional burst dynamics to advance research in cellular processes, cell fate determination, and cancer diagnosis.
  • Guides researchers in selecting appropriate models and parameter estimation techniques for their studies.
  • Emphasizes the role of single-cell and multiomics data in understanding gene expression heterogeneity.