Justinian Rhinotmetos: A Byzantine Rhinoplasty?

In the eighth century, Justinian II was overthrown from his position as ruler of the Byzantine Empire. The young ruler's nose was amputated, and he was exiled. Ten years later, he regained the throne in a bloody coup. For decades, researchers have debated if Justinian also regained his nose through the ancient Indian rhinoplasty surgical technique, largely based on the Carmagnola statue in modern Venice. While a fascinating possibility, we ultimately conclude that it is highly unlikely that this ever occurred.