Heat Stroke in a Young Athlete With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder on Stimulant Medication

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that significantly impair daily functioning and quality of life. Although often diagnosed in childhood, ADHD symptoms frequently persist into adolescence and adulthood. Heat stroke, a severe medical condition characterized by central nervous system dysfunction, seizures, and extreme hyperthermia, can result in mortality even with medical intervention. Notably, exertional heat stroke remains a leading cause of sudden death among young athletes and individuals engaged in strenuous physical activity. We present a case of a young athlete diagnosed with ADHD and prescribed amphetamine and dextroamphetamine (Adderall), who presented with heat stroke, partly due to his medication.