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A very versatile molecular machine.

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Researchers created hybrid ion-powered motors by combining bacterial flagellar stators and Ton system components. Only one hybrid supported motility in Escherichia coli, suggesting shared ancestry and functional divergence of these essential cellular machines.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Bacterial flagellar motors and the Ton system's ExbBD complex are ion-powered transport systems essential for motility and nutrient uptake, respectively.
  • These systems share structural similarities, suggesting a potential evolutionary relationship.
  • Understanding the functional interplay between these motors can provide insights into their evolutionary divergence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional compatibility and evolutionary relationship between bacterial flagellar stator units and the ExbBD complex of the Ton system.
  • To construct and characterize chimeric ion-powered motors by combining components from both systems.
  • To identify key regions and residues involved in the function of these distinct but related molecular machines.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of 14 chimeric ion-powered motors by fusing stator units of the bacterial flagellum with ExbBD components.
  • Assessment of chimeric motor function by testing swimming motility in *Escherichia coli*.
  • Site-directed mutagenesis to introduce additional residue changes in promising hybrid constructs to enhance motility.

Main Results:

  • Only one out of 14 constructed hybrids exhibited functional swimming motility in *Escherichia coli*.
  • Three additional residue changes at non-hybrid regions significantly enhanced the motility of the functional hybrid.
  • The limited success in creating functional hybrids suggests specific structural and functional constraints.

Conclusions:

  • Bacterial flagellar stator units and ExbBD share a common evolutionary ancestor.
  • Despite divergence, conserved regions allow for limited functional complementation, indicating shared ancestral machinery.
  • This study provides evidence for the evolutionary plasticity of ion-powered motor systems and their adaptation to distinct cellular roles.