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Knee Joint

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...

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Updated: Jun 11, 2025

Knee Arthrocentesis in Adults

Knee Arthrocentesis in Adults

Published on: February 25, 2022

Paediatric Knee Injuries: A Narrative Review.

Akib Majed Khan¹, Chinmay Madhukar Gupte¹

¹Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.

British Journal of Hospital Medicine (London, England : 2005)

|September 30, 2024

Summary

Paediatric knee injuries are rising, necessitating prompt diagnosis and management. Early identification of fractures, effusions, or instability is crucial for reducing long-term complications in children.

Keywords:

adolescent athletic injuries child knee injuries paediatric knee injuries

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Area of Science:

Orthopaedics
Paediatric Sports Medicine

Background:

Increasing prevalence of paediatric knee injuries linked to competitive sports and advanced imaging.
Accurate diagnosis relies on detailed injury history and physical examination findings.

Purpose of the Study:

To outline the primary management strategies for paediatric knee injuries.
To guide healthcare professionals in community and emergency settings.

Main Methods:

Review of clinical presentation, including injury mechanism, pain, and instability.
Emphasis on physical examination components: effusion, tenderness, range of motion, and laxity.
Guidelines for radiological investigations, particularly Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).

Main Results:

History and examination guide the need for imaging like MRI for intra-articular injuries.
Identification of 'red flags' for specialist referral: fractures, traumatic effusion, instability, nocturnal pain, or lumps.
Timely and correct management is key to minimizing long-term morbidity.

Conclusions:

Effective initial assessment is vital for appropriate paediatric knee injury management.
Recognizing red flags ensures timely specialist intervention, improving patient outcomes.