Peripartum cardiomyopathy: a comprehensive and contemporary review

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Obstetrics
• Public Health

Background:

• Cardiovascular disease is a leading global non-communicable disease.
• It is a major cause of death in pregnant individuals, often without prior heart conditions.
• Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a specific type of heart failure developing during late pregnancy or postpartum.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of peripartum cardiomyopathy.
• To discuss recent advancements in understanding and managing PPCM.
• To highlight future research directions in PPCM.

Main Methods:

• This narrative review synthesizes current knowledge on PPCM.
• It covers epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management.
• It incorporates recent findings on biomarkers, genetics, therapies, and patient care.

Main Results:

• Diagnosing and managing PPCM remains challenging, leading to high morbidity and mortality.
• Novel approaches include molecular/non-molecular biomarkers, genetic risk prediction, and targeted therapies.
• Multidisciplinary care and patient education are crucial for improved outcomes.

Conclusions:

• Peripartum cardiomyopathy requires continued research and enhanced clinical strategies.
• Early detection and tailored management are key to reducing adverse outcomes.
• Future efforts should focus on refining predictive models and therapeutic interventions for PPCM.