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Holistic Review in Applicant Selection: A Scoping Review.
Academic Medicine : Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges
|September 30, 2024
Summary
Holistic review in medical education helps identify valuable candidates beyond metrics. This scoping review found it can increase diversity in trainee selection, though isolating its impact requires further study.
Area of Science:
- Medical Education
- Graduate Medical Education
- Undergraduate Medical Education
Background:
- Medical schools and residency programs increasingly use holistic review to select candidates.
- This approach aims to identify candidates who contribute positively to the learning environment, moving beyond traditional metrics.
- Limited data currently exists to support or refute the effectiveness of holistic review.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine definitions and practices of holistic review in medical education.
- To summarize existing research findings on its implementation and outcomes.
- To identify gaps in the literature for future research.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive search of 7 databases was conducted for articles on holistic review in undergraduate medical education (UME) and graduate medical education (GME).
- Keywords included "holistic," "attributes," "mission-based," "mission-centric," and "socially accountable."
- Data from 33 included articles were extracted and synthesized quantitatively and qualitatively.
Main Results:
- Holistic review was applied at screening, interviewing, and ranking stages, with rationales including service, patient trust, and educational benefits.
- Most studies reported increased selection of underrepresented in medicine trainees, as well as other diverse groups.
- Many studies incorporated additional diversity interventions, complicating the isolated assessment of holistic review's impact.
Conclusions:
- This scoping review synthesizes literature on holistic review's rationale, implementation, components, outcomes, and barriers.
- Findings can guide institutions in developing or refining holistic review processes.
- The review highlights the need for further research to fully understand holistic review's isolated effects.
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