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After filtration, the precipitate is washed to remove coprecipitated impurities and any remaining mother liquor. Colloidal precipitates, such as silver chloride, are washed with an electrolyte (such as dilute nitric acid) to prevent the peptization of the precipitate. In the case of slightly soluble precipitates, the wash solution contains a common ion to reduce solubility. Lead sulfate, which is slightly soluble in water, is washed with dilute sulfuric acid. Similarly, wash solutions may be...
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Element release from lead crystal ware and metallic hip flasks.

Sarah von Leliwa1, Roman Schmidt1, Svetlana Andrievskih1

  • 1Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany.

Food Additives & Contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment
|September 30, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Elemental ion release from lead crystal ware and hip flasks was studied. Hip flasks released concerning levels of elements, exceeding safety limits, while lead crystal ware showed variable lead release over time.

Keywords:
Element releaseICP-MSfood contact materialslead crystal waremetallic hip flasksmethod validation

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Lead crystal ware and metallic hip flasks are commonly used for beverages.
  • Concerns exist regarding the potential migration of elemental ions from these items into consumed liquids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the release of 21 elemental ions from lead crystal ware and metallic hip flasks.
  • To assess the safety of these items concerning established release limits.

Main Methods:

  • Developed and validated an ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry) method.
  • Utilized microwave-assisted digestion for sample pre-treatment.
  • Tested ion release into various food simulants and alcoholic beverages.

Main Results:

  • Lead release from crystal glass increased with time and was higher after a resting period.
  • Metallic hip flasks released multiple elements (Cd, Cr, Ni, As, Tl, Sn, Pb) above Council of Europe (CoE) safety release limits (SRL).
  • Only one of six hip flasks met SRLs for all tested elements and solutions after multiple uses.

Conclusions:

  • The study highlights potential risks associated with elemental ion release from hip flasks.
  • Manufacturers of hip flasks may need to improve production processes to meet safety standards.
  • Lead crystal ware requires careful consideration regarding its long-term use and potential lead migration.