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Related Concept Videos

Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

307
Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
307

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Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage
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Seizure prophylaxis in pneumococcal meningitis, cohort study.

Lluïsa Guillem1, Guillermo Hernández-Pérez2, Damaris Berbel3

  • 1Department of Clinical Sciences, Service of Infectious Diseases, Bellvitge University Hospital-Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.

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Summary

Seizures are a common complication of pneumococcal meningitis, increasing risks for patients. Antiseizure medication prophylaxis may effectively prevent seizures, potentially improving patient outcomes and reducing hospital stays.

Keywords:
meningitispneumococcalprophylaxisseizures

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Pneumococcal meningitis, an infection of the brain's covering, historically had high mortality.
  • While antibiotics and corticoids improve survival, complications like seizures remain significant sequelae.
  • Seizures are a frequent complication impacting patient recovery and prognosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the incidence of seizures as a complication of pneumococcal meningitis.
  • To evaluate the potential of antiseizure medication (ASM) prophylaxis in preventing these seizures.
  • To determine the impact of ASM prophylaxis on patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of a prospective database of community-acquired pneumococcal meningitis cases (January 2010 - April 2021).
  • Assessment of seizure development in patients, comparing those who received ASM prophylaxis with those who did not.
  • Evaluation of the timing of ASM administration relative to seizure occurrence.

Main Results:

  • 24.4% of 86 patients developed acute symptomatic seizures, often before hospital admission.
  • Seizure development was linked to increased need for intubation, ICU admission, longer hospital stays, and higher risk of death/disability.
  • ASM prophylaxis (64/74 patients) was associated with significantly lower seizure incidence (9.4% vs. 40%) and was most effective when given within 4 hours of admission.

Conclusions:

  • Seizure development is a common and serious complication of pneumococcal meningitis.
  • Antiseizure medication prophylaxis shows promise in preventing seizures and may improve prognosis.
  • Early administration of ASM prophylaxis could mitigate severe outcomes associated with pneumococcal meningitis.