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Superconductor01:24

Superconductor

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A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
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Theory of Metallic Conduction01:17

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The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
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Types Of Superconductors01:28

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A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

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Coulomb's Law describes the force experienced by two point charges under each other's presence. But what if there are more than two charges? For example, if there is a third charge, does it experience a force that is a simple combination of the individual forces due to the first two charges? Can it be described mathematically?
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In the macroscopic world, objects that are large enough to be seen by the naked eye follow the rules of classical physics. A billiard ball moving on a table will behave like a particle; it will continue traveling in a straight line unless it collides with another ball, or it is acted on by some other force, such as friction. The ball has a well-defined position and velocity or well-defined momentum, p = mv, which is defined by mass m and velocity v at any given moment. This is the typical...
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Computational electron-phonon superconductivity: from theoretical physics to material science.

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Researchers are exploring new materials for room-temperature superconductors, focusing on electron-phonon coupling (EPC) in hydrides and other compounds. Advances in computing aid the search for high-temperature superconductivity (SC).

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Computational Physics

Background:

  • The quest for room-temperature superconductors (RTS) remains a significant challenge in physics.
  • Copper-oxide superconductors (1986) presented complex mechanisms, unlike the electron-phonon coupling (EPC) in metallic hydrogen.
  • EPC has enabled room-temperature superconductivity (SC) in hydrogen compounds under high pressure since 2015.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review newly predicted superconducting systems in 2023-2024.
  • To focus on hydrides, boron-carbon systems, and compounds with nitrogen, carbon, and pure metals.
  • To discuss the role of computational advancements in materials discovery.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent computational predictions for superconducting materials.
  • Analysis of systems based on electron-phonon coupling (EPC).
  • Examination of advancements in exascale computing for materials exploration.

Main Results:

  • Numerous new superconducting systems, particularly hydrides, were computationally predicted in 2023-2024.
  • Focus on materials like boron-carbon systems and compounds containing nitrogen, carbon, and metals.
  • While many high-Tc predictions remain unconfirmed, some low-temperature superconductors were successfully synthesized.

Conclusions:

  • Electron-phonon coupling (EPC) remains a viable mechanism for achieving superconductivity (SC), especially in hydrogen-rich compounds.
  • Computational power is accelerating the discovery of novel superconducting materials.
  • Further research is needed to bridge the gap between theoretical predictions and experimental synthesis, particularly for high-temperature applications.