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Related Concept Videos

Cycloaddition Reactions: Overview01:16

Cycloaddition Reactions: Overview

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Cycloadditions are one of the most valuable and effective synthesis routes to form cyclic compounds. These are concerted pericyclic reactions between two unsaturated compounds resulting in a cyclic product with two new σ bonds formed at the expense of π bonds. The [4 + 2] cycloaddition, known as the Diels–Alder reaction, is the most common. The other example is a [2 + 2] cycloaddition.
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Controlled-Current Coulometry: Overview01:27

Controlled-Current Coulometry: Overview

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Controlled current coulometry, also known as amperostatic coulometry, is a technique used in electrochemical analysis to measure the quantity of a substance through the controlled passage of current. It involves the application of a constant current to an electrochemical cell containing the analyte of interest. As the current flows through the cell, the analyte undergoes a redox reaction at the electrode surface, resulting in a charge transfer. By monitoring the time required for a certain...
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Coagulation01:09

Coagulation

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The coagulation phase is a critical part of the body's process to prevent blood loss following injury to blood vessels. It involves chemical reactions that form a clot to seal the injured area. The clotting process begins shortly after injury, within 15-20 seconds for severe damage and 1-2 minutes for minor injuries.
During the coagulation phase, clotting factors, or procoagulants, play a vital role in initiating and progressing the coagulation cascade. This cascade is a series of reactions...
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Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation01:12

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation

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Some cycloaddition reactions are activated by heat, while others are initiated by light. For example, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition between two ethylene molecules occurs only in the presence of light. It is photochemically allowed but thermally forbidden.
2.0K
Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation01:16

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation

3.5K
Thermal cycloadditions are reactions where the source of activation energy needed to initiate the reaction is provided in the form of heat. A typical example of a thermally-allowed cycloaddition is the Diels–Alder reaction, which is a [4 + 2] cycloaddition. In contrast, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition is thermally forbidden.
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Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview01:26

Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview

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Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
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Ultrasound Cyclo Plasty in Eyes with Glaucoma
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Cyclodestruction and cyclophotocoagulation: Where are we?

B Vidal-Villegas1, J A Miralles de Imperial-Ollero2, M P Villegas-Pérez3

  • 1St. Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' Trust (GSTT), London, United Kingdom.

Archivos De La Sociedad Espanola De Oftalmologia
|September 30, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cyclodestruction techniques, including continuous-wave and micropulse diode laser transescleral cyclophotocoagulation, are reviewed for glaucoma management. The study details their performance, mechanisms, and efficacy compared to other methods.

Keywords:
CiclodestrucciónCiclofotocoagulaciónCyclodestructionCyclophotocoagulationDiode laserGlaucomaLáser de diodoTranscleralTransescleral

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Glaucoma treatment
  • Laser therapy

Background:

  • Cyclodestruction is a last resort for refractory glaucoma.
  • Continuous-wave diode laser transescleral cyclophotocoagulation (CW-TS-CPC) is a widely adopted technique.
  • Micropulse diode laser transescleral cyclophotocoagulation (MP-TS-CPC) is a more recent advancement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical development of cyclodestruction techniques.
  • To compare CW-TS-CPC and MP-TS-CPC regarding performance, mechanism, and efficacy.
  • To evaluate these techniques against alternative glaucoma treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of cyclodestruction techniques.
  • Analysis of CW-TS-CPC and MP-TS-CPC procedures.
  • Comparative effectiveness and efficacy assessment.

Main Results:

  • Detailed description of CW-TS-CPC and MP-TS-CPC procedures.
  • Explanation of their distinct mechanisms of action.
  • Summary of their effectiveness and efficacy in glaucoma control.

Conclusions:

  • CW-TS-CPC and MP-TS-CPC are key cyclophotocoagulation methods for advanced glaucoma.
  • Understanding their differences is crucial for optimal patient selection.
  • Further comparative studies inform treatment choices for refractory glaucomas.