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Related Concept Videos

Shearing Strain01:20

Shearing Strain

234
The shearing strain represents a cubic element's angular change when subjected to shearing stress. This type of stress can transform a cube into an oblique parallelepiped without influencing normal strains. The cubic element experiences a significant transformation when exposed solely to shearing stress. Its shape alters from a perfect cube into a rhomboid, clearly demonstrating the effect of shearing strain. The degree of this strain is considered positive if it reduces the angle between...
234
Problem Solving on Stress and Strain01:22

Problem Solving on Stress and Strain

708
Stress is a quantity that describes the magnitude of a force that causes deformation, generally defined as internal force per unit area. When forces pull on an object and cause its elongation, like the stretching of an elastic band, it is called tensile stress. When forces cause the compression of an object, it is known as compressive stress. When an object is being squeezed uniformly from all sides, like a submarine in the depths of the ocean, we call this kind of stress bulk stress (or volume...
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Strain and Elastic Modulus01:15

Strain and Elastic Modulus

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The quantity that describes the deformation of a body under stress is known as strain. Strain is given as a fractional change in either length, volume, or geometry under tensile, volume (also known as bulk), or shear stress, respectively, and is a dimensionless quantity. The strain experienced by a body under tensile or compressive stress is called tensile or compressive strain, respectively. In contrast, the strain experienced under bulk stress and shear stress is known as volume and shear...
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Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity01:15

Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity

253
Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
253
Bending of Members Made of Several Materials01:08

Bending of Members Made of Several Materials

143
In analyzing a structural member composed of two different materials with identical cross-sectional areas, it is crucial to understand how their distinct elastic properties affect the member's response under load. The analysis involves assessing stress and strain distributions using the transformed section concept, which accounts for variations in material properties.
Hooke's Law determines stress in each material, stating that stress is proportional to strain but varies due to each...
143
Hooke's Law01:26

Hooke's Law

352
Hooke's law, a pivotal principle in material science, establishes that the strain a material undergoes is directly proportional to the applied stress, defined by a factor called the modulus of elasticity or Young's modulus.
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A Simple Dry Sectioning Method for Obtaining Whole-Seed-Sized Resin Section and Its Applications
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Measurement of maize stalk shear moduli.

Joseph Carter1, Joshua Hoffman1, Braxton Fjeldsted1

  • 1Brigham Young University, Provo, USA.

Plant Methods
|October 1, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study measured the longitudinal shear modulus of maize stalk tissues, revealing crucial material properties. These findings enhance computational models for understanding and preventing maize stalk failure caused by wind and other factors.

Keywords:
BiomechanicsModelingModulusShearTorsion

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Plant Biomechanics

Background:

  • Maize is a primary feed crop in the US, with 5% annual loss due to stalk failure from wind and other factors.
  • Understanding maize stalk mechanical properties is crucial for developing predictive failure models.
  • The longitudinal shear modulus of maize stalk tissues has not been previously reported.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the longitudinal shear modulus of maize stalk tissues.
  • To provide essential material constants for computational models of maize stalk failure.
  • To contribute to methods for preventing crop loss in maize and similar plants.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted repeated torsion testing on dry, mature maize stalks.
  • Focused measurements on the hard outer rind and soft inner pith tissues.
  • Performed uncertainty analysis and compared multiple methodologies to ensure data reliability.

Main Results:

  • Successfully measured the longitudinal shear modulus for both maize rind and pith tissues.
  • Confirmed low error and bias across all measurements through rigorous analysis.
  • Established a baseline for maize stalk tissue mechanical properties under shear stress.

Conclusions:

  • The reported shear modulus values are vital for accurate computational modeling of maize stalk failure.
  • Improved models will aid in understanding failure mechanisms and reducing annual crop losses.
  • The methodology can be adapted for characterizing tissues in other important crop plants.