Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 11, 2025

Floral-dip Transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana to Examine pTSO2::β-glucuronidase Reporter Gene Expression
Published on: June 11, 2010
New Bacterial Aryl Sulfotransferases: Effective Tools for Sulfation of Polyphenols
Katerina Brodsky1,2, Barbora Petránková1,3, Lucie Petrásková1
1Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4 CZ-142 00, Czech Republic.
Abstract:
The preparation of pure metabolites of bioactive compounds, particularly (poly)phenols, is essential for the accurate determination of their pharmacological profiles in vivo. Since the extraction of these metabolites from biological material is tedious and impractical, they can be synthesized enzymatically in vitro by bacterial PAPS-independent aryl sulfotransferases (ASTs). However, only a few ASTs have been studied and used for (poly)phenol sulfation. This study introduces new fully characterized recombinant ASTs selected according to their similarity to the previously characterized ASTs. These enzymes, produced in Escherichia coli, were purified, biochemically characterized, and screened for the sulfation of nine flavonoids and two phenolic acids using p-nitrophenyl sulfate. All tested compounds were proved to be substrates for the new ASTs, with kaempferol and luteolin being the best converted acceptors. ASTs from Desulfofalx alkaliphile (DalAST) and Campylobacter fetus (CfAST) showed the highest efficiency in the sulfation of tested polyphenols. To demonstrate the efficiency of the present sulfation approach, a series of new authentic metabolite standards, regioisomers of kaempferol sulfate, were enzymatically produced, isolated, and structurally characterized.
Related Concept Videos
Phase II Reactions: Sulfation and Conjugation with α-Amino Acids
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Sulfonation of Benzene
Phase II Reactions: Miscellaneous Conjugation Reactions
A key example involves the conjugation of cyanide ions, which impair cellular respiration and alter hemoglobin into non-oxygen-carrying cyanmethemoglobin. To neutralize this threat, a sulfur atom from thiosulphate is transferred to the cyanide ion, catalyzed by the enzyme rhodanese, resulting in an inactive compound called thiocyanate. The production of...
Preparation and Reactions of Thiols
Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides
Phase I Reactions: Oxidation of Aliphatic and Aromatic Carbon-Containing Systems
Oxidation reactions are fundamental in aromatic carbon-containing systems. An example is the hydroxylation of phenobarbital, a process that transforms it into...

