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Monitoring Binding of Protamine with DNA Using Protein Charge Transfer Spectra.

Anurag Priyadarshi1, Simangka Bor Saikia1, Rajaram Swaminathan1

  • 1Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781 039, India.

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Summary

Salmon sperm protamine (PRM) exhibits unique arginine-specific charge transfer (ProCharTS) spectra and luminescence. This label-free method effectively monitors DNA-protein binding by observing changes in PRM absorbance upon complex formation.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysical Chemistry
  • Molecular Spectroscopy
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Proteins possess intrinsic electronic absorption and luminescence properties.
  • Understanding these properties is crucial for characterizing protein structure and function.
  • Salmon sperm protamine (PRM) is a highly cationic protein involved in DNA packaging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the intrinsic electronic absorption and luminescence of salmon sperm protamine (PRM).
  • To characterize the arginine-specific Protein Charge Transfer Spectra (ProCharTS) of PRM.
  • To demonstrate the application of PRM ProCharTS for label-free monitoring of DNA-protein interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Spectroscopic analysis including UV-Vis absorption and luminescence measurements.
  • Investigation of PRM concentration-dependent spectral changes.
  • Monitoring of PRM-DNA complex formation using spectroscopy and gel electrophoresis.

Main Results:

  • PRM exhibits novel intrinsic electronic absorption and luminescence attributed to Peptide Backbone-to-Side chain Charge Transfer (PBS-CT) and charge recombination.
  • The observed ProCharTS are uniquely arginine-specific due to arginine being the sole charged residue in PRM.
  • PRM ProCharTS absorbance at 260 nm decreased by 72% upon binding with genomic DNA (gDNA), indicating complex formation and precipitation.

Conclusions:

  • PRM possesses unique arginine-specific spectroscopic properties (ProCharTS) with unconventional luminescence.
  • Aggregation effects do not influence PRM absorbance or luminescence within the tested concentration range.
  • PRM ProCharTS provides a sensitive, label-free method for indirectly monitoring DNA-protein binding.