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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Updated: Jun 11, 2025

Cryosectioning and Immunostaining Mouse Inner Ear Tissue: From Embryonic to Adult Stages
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Hearing Loss, Hearing Aids, and Cognition.

Baptiste Grenier1, Claudine Berr2, Marcel Goldberg3

  • 1Université Paris Cité, Inserm, U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Integrative Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease, Paris, France.

JAMA Network Open
|October 1, 2024
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Summary

Hearing loss (HL) is linked to cognitive impairment. Hearing aid (HA) use did not significantly reduce cognitive impairment odds, except in those with depression. Monitoring cognitive function in middle-aged adults with HL is recommended.

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Area of Science:

  • Audiology
  • Neuroscience
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Previous studies on hearing loss (HL) and cognitive impairment often used subjective hearing measures and focused on single cognitive dimensions.
  • Few studies have investigated the impact of hearing aid (HA) use on cognitive function using objective measures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To objectively assess the association between varying degrees of hearing loss and multiple cognitive dimensions.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of hearing aid use in mitigating cognitive impairment in adults.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional analysis of the CONSTANCES cohort (n=62,072) including adults aged 45-69 years.
  • Objective audiometric measurement of hearing loss (HL) and a standardized battery of 5 cognitive tests.
  • Multivariable analyses examined the association between HL severity, HA use, and global cognitive impairment.

Main Results:

  • Both mild HL and disabling HL were significantly associated with increased odds of global cognitive impairment.
  • Hearing aid use was not significantly associated with lower odds of cognitive impairment overall.
  • An exception was observed in participants with depression, where HA use showed a significant reduction in cognitive impairment odds.

Conclusions:

  • A clear association exists between the severity of hearing loss and global cognitive impairment in middle-aged adults.
  • Hearing aid use, in general, did not demonstrate a significant protective effect against cognitive impairment in this cohort.
  • The findings underscore the importance of monitoring cognitive function in individuals with hearing loss and suggest potential benefits of hearing aids in specific subgroups, such as those with depression.