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Associations Between Acute COVID-19 Symptom Profiles and Long COVID Prevalence: Population-Based Cross-Sectional
Jana L Hirschtick1,2, Elizabeth Slocum1, Yanmei Xie1
1Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
JMIR Public Health and Surveillance
|October 1, 2024
Summary
Acute COVID-19 symptom profiles significantly predict long COVID risk. Multi-symptomatic and shortness of breath clusters show the highest long COVID prevalence, highlighting the need for targeted screening.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Severe acute COVID-19 is linked to increased long COVID (post-COVID-19 condition) risk.
- Limited research exists on acute symptom profiles and their association with long COVID onset.
- Understanding these associations is crucial for risk stratification and patient care.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between acute COVID-19 symptom clusters and the prevalence of long COVID.
- To identify specific symptom profiles associated with a higher risk of developing long COVID.
- To inform clinical practice and future research directions.
Main Methods:
- A population-based survey of adults with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection was conducted.
- Latent class analysis identified distinct acute COVID-19 symptom clusters.
- Multinomial logistic and modified Poisson regression analyses examined predictors and long COVID associations.
Main Results:
- Six acute COVID-19 symptom clusters were identified, with flu-like symptoms and fever being most common.
- Long COVID prevalence was highest in the multi-symptomatic (39.7%) and shortness of breath (22.4%) clusters.
- The multi-symptomatic cluster demonstrated the highest adjusted prevalence ratio for long COVID (aPR 6.1).
Conclusions:
- Acute COVID-19 symptom profiles are important indicators for long COVID risk.
- Clinicians should consider symptom clusters when assessing long COVID risk.
- Proactive screening of high-risk patients based on acute symptoms is recommended.
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