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Using TiO₂ to capture hot electrons for self-powered position-sensitive photodetection.

Diyuan Zheng, Wenhao Deng, Zhiyong Duan

|October 1, 2024

Summary

This study introduces a self-powered position-sensitive detector (PSD) utilizing a plasmon-enhanced lateral photovoltaic effect. The novel TiO2/Au nanorods/Si structure achieves significantly higher position sensitivity for efficient energy harvesting.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Photonics

Background:

Growing demand for self-powered position-sensitive detectors (PSDs) driven by environmental concerns and the need for miniaturization.
Existing PSDs require external power, limiting their application in low-power and remote sensing scenarios.
Improving energy conversion efficiency is critical for high-performance self-powered PSDs.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a high-efficiency self-powered position-sensitive detector (PSD) using a surface plasmon-based approach.
To investigate the plasmon-enhanced lateral photovoltaic effect (LPE) in a TiO2/Au nanorods (NRs)/Si structure for improved position sensitivity.
To explore the tunability of position sensitivity by adjusting TiO2 film thickness.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a TiO2/Au nanorods (NRs)/Si structure for the PSD.
Utilizing a surface plasmon-based approach with gold nanorods to enhance energy conversion efficiency.
Characterizing the position sensitivity under laser illumination and investigating the enhancement mechanism via a localized surface plasmon (LSP)-driven carrier diffusion model.

Main Results:

Observed a plasmon-enhanced lateral photovoltaic effect (LPE) in the TiO2/Au NRs/Si PSD.
Achieved a high position sensitivity of 251.75 mV/mm with a 780 nm laser, without external power.
Demonstrated that position sensitivity can be tuned by altering the TiO2 film thickness.

Conclusions:

The developed self-powered PSD exhibits significantly enhanced position sensitivity, approximately five times higher than previous studies.
The localized surface plasmon (LSP)-driven carrier diffusion model explains the observed enhancement mechanism.
This work presents a promising strategy for creating high-sensitivity, low-energy-cost PSDs and advances energy harvesting sensor technology.