Natural variation in GhKASI_A05 modulates cottonseed oil content in Gossypium hirsutum L

Cotton is of great economic value because of its fiber that is used in natural textile commodities and its seeds that contain an edible oil with a high content of unsaturated fatty acids and biodiesel applications. Here, we reported that GhKASI_A05 was associated with the cottonseed oil content (SOC) in a natural population via candidate gene association analysis. An 11-bp Indel located in the GhKASI_A05 promoter was found to contribute to SOC and differential expression in upland cotton inbred accessions. Interaction analysis showed that GhWRI1, an AP2/EREBP family transcription factor, that reportedly functions in plant seed oil and fatty acids (FAs) accumulation, directly bound to AW-box cis-elements in two haplotypes of the GhKASI_A05 promoter and activated the expression of GhKASI_A05 at different levels. The seed-specific overexpression of GhKASI_A05 resulted in increased seed size, weight, and protein content, and C16:0 and C18:1 contents but reduced SOC. Our results provide new insights into the biological function of GhKASI in SOC and effective strategies for cotton breeding in the future.