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Scrub typhus meningoencephalitis in children: an experience from Eastern India

Jadab Kumar Jana1, Anusree Krishna Mandal1, Sourav Pati1

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, Bankura Sammilani Medical College and Hospital, Lokpur 722102, Bankura, West Bengal, India.

Journal of Tropical Pediatrics
|October 1, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Scrub typhus meningoencephalitis (STME) in children is a severe complication of scrub typhus. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial for favorable outcomes, especially in resource-limited settings.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Neurology
  • Tropical Medicine

Background:

  • Scrub typhus meningoencephalitis (STME) is a rare but potentially fatal complication of scrub typhus.
  • Early identification and management are critical for improving patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinical features, laboratory findings, and outcomes of STME in pediatric patients.
  • To highlight the importance of considering STME in cases of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES).

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study conducted in a tertiary care hospital's pediatric intensive care unit in Eastern India.
  • Analysis of data from children aged 1 month to 12 years diagnosed with STME between April 2021 and September 2022.
  • Inclusion of 16 STME cases among 75 AES cases.

Main Results:

  • Fever, altered sensorium, and convulsions were the most common symptoms in pediatric STME.
  • Complications included shock, pneumonia, myocarditis, and raised intracranial pressure.
  • Most children (15/16) recovered fully, with one experiencing residual neurological deficits.

Conclusions:

  • A high index of suspicion for STME is necessary in pediatric AES cases.
  • Prompt administration of anti-scrub measures can significantly reduce morbidity and mortality.
  • This is particularly important in resource-constrained environments.

Keywords:
PICUmeningoencephalitisscrub typhus

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