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Related Concept Videos

Renal Clearance01:23

Renal Clearance

The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a critical marker of kidney function, reflecting the efficiency of filtration by the glomeruli. Renal clearance of specific substances, such as inulin or creatinine, is commonly used to measure GFR.
Renal clearance refers to the volume of plasma cleared of a specific substance, such as creatinine, per unit of time. To measure clearance, urine samples are collected over a 24-hour period during each bladder voiding, followed by a single blood sample at the...
Drug Concentrations: Measurements01:23

Drug Concentrations: Measurements

Drug concentration is the quantity of a drug present in a biological sample. Measuring drug amounts in biological samples allows the clinician to understand how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted. Samples can be obtained through invasive or non-invasive methods. Invasive techniques involve surgical or parenteral interventions to gather blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or tissue biopsy. Conversely, non-invasive approaches provide samples like urine, feces, and saliva.
Plasma —...
One-Compartment Open Model: Wagner-Nelson and Loo Riegelman Method for ka Estimation01:24

One-Compartment Open Model: Wagner-Nelson and Loo Riegelman Method for ka Estimation

This lesson introduces two critical methods in pharmacokinetics, the Wagner-Nelson and Loo-Riegelman methods, used for estimating the absorption rate constant (ka) for drugs administered via non-intravenous routes. The Wagner-Nelson method relates ka to the plasma concentration derived from the slope of a semilog percent unabsorbed time plot. However, it is limited to drugs with one-compartment kinetics and can be impacted by factors like gastrointestinal motility or enzymatic degradation.
On...
One-Compartment Open Model: Urinary Excretion Data and Determination of k01:11

One-Compartment Open Model: Urinary Excretion Data and Determination of k

The one-compartment open model leverages urinary excretion data to estimate renal clearance, which gauges the kidney's capacity to expel a drug. This method offers several benefits, including directly measuring drug elimination and assessing the kidney's contribution to overall drug clearance. However, this approach has limitations. It assumes sole renal excretion of the drug, which is not true for all drugs. Accurate urinary excretion and plasma drug concentration measurement can also be...
Noncompartmental Analysis: Mean Transit, Absorption and Dissolution Time01:02

Noncompartmental Analysis: Mean Transit, Absorption and Dissolution Time

When drugs are administered extravascularly, a comprehensive evaluation through noncompartmental analysis becomes imperative. This analytical approach considers various parameters that play a crucial role in understanding the pharmacokinetics of these drugs.
One of the key parameters is the mean transit time (MTT), which refers to the total duration required for drug molecules to transit through the body. MTT is determined by calculating the ratio of the area under the moment curve to the area...
Measurement of Bioavailability: Pharmacokinetic Methods01:30

Measurement of Bioavailability: Pharmacokinetic Methods

Pharmacokinetics is a vital branch of pharmacology that examines how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted by the body. Two key methodologies in pharmacokinetics are plasma drug concentration studies and urinary drug excretion analyses, both of which provide critical insights into a drug's therapeutic efficacy and bioavailability.Plasma Drug Concentration-Time StudiesPlasma drug concentration-time studies involve analyzing blood samples at specific intervals to quantify...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Large Scale Non-targeted Metabolomic Profiling of Serum by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry UPLC-MS
07:34

Large Scale Non-targeted Metabolomic Profiling of Serum by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry UPLC-MS

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(Pre)Clinical Metabolomics Analysis.

Ratna Budhi Pebriana1,2, Elena Sánchez-López1, Martin Giera3

  • 1Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|October 1, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Metabolomics analyzes all small molecules in biological systems. This field is crucial for life sciences, including biomarker discovery and drug development, utilizing advanced analytical and bioinformatics techniques.

Keywords:
Clinical samplesLipidomicsMass spectrometryMetabolomicsNuclear magnetic resonance

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A Strategy for Sensitive, Large Scale Quantitative Metabolomics
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A Strategy for Sensitive, Large Scale Quantitative Metabolomics

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Identification and Quantification of Deranged Metabolites in Critically Ill Patients Using NMR-Based Metabolomics

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 19, 2026

Large Scale Non-targeted Metabolomic Profiling of Serum by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry UPLC-MS
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Large Scale Non-targeted Metabolomic Profiling of Serum by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry UPLC-MS

Published on: March 14, 2013

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A Strategy for Sensitive, Large Scale Quantitative Metabolomics
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Identification and Quantification of Deranged Metabolites in Critically Ill Patients Using NMR-Based Metabolomics
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Identification and Quantification of Deranged Metabolites in Critically Ill Patients Using NMR-Based Metabolomics

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Area of Science:

  • Metabolomics and its application in biological and clinical research.

Background:

  • Metabolomics aims to comprehensively analyze all small molecules (metabolome) within a biological system.
  • It has become a vital analytical tool in life sciences, supporting fundamental biochemistry, preclinical studies, biomarker discovery, and drug development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an introduction to (pre)clinical metabolomics.
  • To define key aspects and establish the relevance of metabolomics in biological and clinical contexts.
  • To present and discuss state-of-the-art and emerging analytical technologies for metabolomic analysis, including their strengths and weaknesses.

Main Methods:

  • Review and explanation of current and emerging analytical technologies for metabolomic profiling.
  • Illustration of bioinformatics approaches for handling complex metabolomic datasets.

Main Results:

  • Discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of various analytical technologies.
  • Highlighting the essential role of bioinformatics in processing and interpreting large-scale metabolomic data.

Conclusions:

  • Metabolomics is a maturing field essential for understanding biological systems.
  • Advanced analytical and bioinformatics tools are critical for successful metabolomic studies in clinical and research settings.