Shaping linguistic input in parent-infant interactions: The influence of the Infant's temperament

Parent-infant interactions highlight the role of parental input, considering both the quality, infant-directed speech, and quantity of interactions, adult words and communicative turns, in these interactions. However, communication is bidirectional, yet little is known about the infant's role in these interactions. This study (n = 35 4-month-old infants) explores how infant-directed speech, the number of adult words and turn-taking (both measured by the LENA system) are correlated with infants' temperament. Our findings reveal that, while mothers use the typical characteristics of infant-directed speech, they are not correlated with the infant's temperament. However, we observe more adult-infant turn-taking in both introverted infants (with lower Surgency scores) and infants with lower attention regulation (with lower Regulatory/Orienting scores). The number of adult words was not correlated with infants' temperament. We suggest that infants with an introverted temperament prefer quieter exchanges that may lead to more turns and that infants with lower attention regulation might create more opportunities for interactions due to their lower level of self-regulation. These findings suggest that infants' temperament is associated with how adults talk with infants (communicative turns) rather than how adults talk to infants (infant-directed speech, number of adult words). Our results underscore the infant's role in parent-infant communication.