Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

376
Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
376
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

448
Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
448

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Operating Room Access: Survey of the American Society of Retina Specialists.

Journal of vitreoretinal diseases·2026
Same author

Combined Pars Plana Vitrectomy and Novel Scleral Fixation of the Light Adjustable Lens.

Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.)·2025
Same author

Recognition of the Diglycine C-End Degron by CRL2<sup>KLHDC2</sup> Ubiquitin Ligase.

Molecular cell·2018
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2025

Subretinal Implantation of RPE on a Carrier in Minipigs: Guidelines for Preoperative Preparations, Surgical Techniques, and Postoperative Care
11:06

Subretinal Implantation of RPE on a Carrier in Minipigs: Guidelines for Preoperative Preparations, Surgical Techniques, and Postoperative Care

Published on: November 11, 2022

2.7K

Pars Plana Vitrectomy Without Intravenous Anesthesia: Technique, Safety, and Outcomes.

Karena X Tien1, Erica Romo1, Murtaza K Adam2

  • 1Rocky Vista University, Parker, CO, USA.

Journal of Vitreoretinal Diseases
|October 2, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Pars Plana Vitrectomy (PPV) can be safely performed without intravenous anesthesia, using only local anesthesia and oral sedation. This approach demonstrated good outcomes and high patient satisfaction for repeat procedures.

Keywords:
risk managementsurgical techniques and maneuversvitreoretinal surgery

More Related Videos

Retinal Pigment Epithelium Transplantation in a Non-human Primate Model for Degenerative Retinal Diseases
11:20

Retinal Pigment Epithelium Transplantation in a Non-human Primate Model for Degenerative Retinal Diseases

Published on: June 14, 2021

3.7K
A Step by Step Protocol for Subretinal Surgery in Rabbits
12:31

A Step by Step Protocol for Subretinal Surgery in Rabbits

Published on: September 13, 2016

15.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 11, 2025

Subretinal Implantation of RPE on a Carrier in Minipigs: Guidelines for Preoperative Preparations, Surgical Techniques, and Postoperative Care
11:06

Subretinal Implantation of RPE on a Carrier in Minipigs: Guidelines for Preoperative Preparations, Surgical Techniques, and Postoperative Care

Published on: November 11, 2022

2.7K
Retinal Pigment Epithelium Transplantation in a Non-human Primate Model for Degenerative Retinal Diseases
11:20

Retinal Pigment Epithelium Transplantation in a Non-human Primate Model for Degenerative Retinal Diseases

Published on: June 14, 2021

3.7K
A Step by Step Protocol for Subretinal Surgery in Rabbits
12:31

A Step by Step Protocol for Subretinal Surgery in Rabbits

Published on: September 13, 2016

15.4K

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Retina Surgery
  • Anesthesia in Ophthalmic Surgery

Background:

  • Intravenous (IV) anesthesia is commonly used for pars plana vitrectomy (PPV).
  • Alternative anesthesia techniques may improve patient comfort and reduce risks.
  • The safety and efficacy of PPV without IV anesthesia require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the technique, safety, and outcomes of performing PPV without IV anesthesia.
  • To assess the feasibility of using local anesthesia with oral sedation for PPV.
  • To compare outcomes with historical data or standard IV anesthesia protocols.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of 357 PPVs in 319 patients performed between September 2018 and April 2022.
  • Patients received either no sedation or oral sedation (sublingual triazolam) combined with Sub-Tenon bupivacaine and lidocaine.
  • Intraoperative monitoring by a circulating nurse; adverse events, visual acuity, and reoperation rates were documented.

Main Results:

  • No intraoperative complications, systemic adverse events, or need to convert to IV sedation were observed.
  • Postoperative visual acuity significantly improved from 0.68 ± 0.77 to 0.31 ± 0.46 logMAR (P < .01).
  • 95% of patients undergoing reoperation or fellow-eye surgery requested the same anesthesia method.

Conclusions:

  • Pars plana vitrectomy can be safely performed using Sub-Tenon blocks and oral sedation without anesthesiologist support.
  • This anesthesia approach is well-tolerated and associated with good visual outcomes.
  • Further research is recommended to quantify patient comfort and surgeon experience.