Key biomarkers in type 2 diabetes patients: A systematic review
Thien Ngoc Le1, Richard Bright1, Vi-Khanh Truong1
1College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism
|October 2, 2024
Summary
This review analyzes type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) biomarkers, finding key changes in blood counts, proteins, and lipids. Understanding these T2DM biomarkers is crucial for developing new diagnostic and prognostic tools.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Clinical Medicine
- Hematology
Background:
- Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) presents a substantial global health challenge, impacting patient care and outcomes.
- Existing research on T2DM biomarkers is extensive, but a comparative analysis is needed to synthesize findings.
- Biomarker alterations in T2DM are often linked to systemic conditions like inflammation and impaired wound healing.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct a comprehensive comparative review of reported T2DM biomarkers.
- To analyze the relationship between T2DM biomarkers and associated conditions such as inflammation and wound healing.
- To consolidate understanding of key biomarker profiles in T2DM for improved management strategies.
Main Methods:
- A comparative review of clinical reports from 24,001 participants (10,024 T2DM patients, 13,977 controls) aged 30-90 years.
- Analysis of four primary biomarker profiles over 11 years: haematological, protein, cytokine, and lipid.
- Extraction and comparison of data for T2DM cases versus control groups for each biomarker profile.
Main Results:
- Haematological profile changes in T2DM include elevated white blood cell and platelet counts, with reduced red blood cell counts and iron absorption.
- Serum protein analysis revealed decreased albumin and anti-inflammatory cytokines, alongside increased globulin levels and pro-inflammatory cytokines.
- Lipid profile alterations in T2DM showed reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglycerides.
Conclusions:
- Significant alterations in haematological, protein, cytokine, and lipid profiles are characteristic of T2DM.
- These biomarker changes provide critical insights into the pathophysiology of T2DM and its complications.
- Understanding these T2DM biomarker profiles is essential for developing novel diagnostic and prognostic tools for diabetes management.
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