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Intramuscular Injections Along the Motor End Plates: A Minimally Invasive Approach to Shuttle Tracers Directly into Motor Neurons

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Understanding the interaction forces between shield-triggered autoinjectors and skin: an in-depth noninvasive study.

Anne-Sofie Madsen Staples^1,2, Hanaa Abuo-Chalih³, Dan Nørtoft Sørensen²

¹Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery

|October 2, 2024

Summary

Shorter autoinjector (AI) shields reduce the force users feel during activation by minimizing skin friction. Standing also lowers perceived force, aiding in the development of user-friendly AIs.

Keywords:

Activation force applied force autoinjectors human factors simulated use study tissue behavior

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The Quantification of Injectability by Mechanical Testing

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Published on: May 13, 2020

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Human Factors Engineering
Medical Device Design

Background:

Autoinjectors (AI) are critical for self-administration of medications.
Understanding the interaction between AI housing and skin is crucial for optimizing user experience and device efficacy.
Previous research has not fully quantified the force transfer dynamics at the device-skin interface during AI activation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the interaction between autoinjector (AI) shields and skin during device activation.
To determine how AI shield design and user positioning affect the force experienced by the user.
To hypothesize that AI housing absorbs user-applied force based on shield design and skin characteristics.

Main Methods:

A noninvasive study involving 27 volunteers using a force-measuring test device.
Measurements included applied force, shield force, and indentation depth relative to shield lengths (2, 4, 6, 8 mm).
Testing was conducted in both standing and sitting positions, analyzing factors like position and gender.

Main Results:

Significant differences in force transfer coefficients were observed across various shield lengths, with shorter shields (2 mm) yielding lower coefficients (0.72) compared to longer shields (8 mm, 0.94).
ANOVA indicated that user position and gender significantly influenced force transfer, with females generally exhibiting lower coefficients.
Indentation depth increased with applied force and varied significantly with user position, but was not significantly impacted by shield length.

Conclusions:

Increasing autoinjector shield length reduces skin friction, leading to less force loss and a lower perceived activation force for the user.
User posture (standing vs. sitting) also impacts force loss, with standing reducing it further.
These findings on device-tissue interactions are vital for developing improved autoinjectors and minimizing user-related activation failures.