Tuberculosis presenting as Anterior Mediastinal Mass: A Case Report

Area of Science:

• Medicine
• Pathology
• Infectious Diseases

Background:

• The mediastinum, situated between the pleural sacs, is divided into three compartments.
• The anterior mediastinum contains structures like the sternum, pericardium, and brachiocephalic vessels.
• Common anterior mediastinal masses include thymomas, lymphomas, teratomatous neoplasms, and thyroid masses.

Observation:

• A 20-year-old female presented with fever and headache, diagnosed with tuberculous meningoencephalitis.
• Diagnostic workup revealed an anterior mediastinal mass.
• Histopathological examination confirmed the mass to be of tubercular origin.

Findings:

• This case represents an uncommon presentation of tuberculosis manifesting as an isolated anterior mediastinal mass.
• The patient was treated with a combination of surgery and antituberculosis therapy.
• The diagnosis of tuberculosis should be considered in immunocompetent individuals with anterior mediastinal masses.

Implications:

• This case underscores the diverse clinical manifestations of tuberculosis.
• It emphasizes the need for a broad differential diagnosis when evaluating mediastinal masses.
• Early and accurate diagnosis of tubercular mediastinal masses is crucial for effective treatment and patient outcomes.