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Four Models of Wastewater-Based Monitoring for SARS-CoV-2 Complementing Individual Screening in Jail Settings
Shanika S Kennedy1, Lindsay B Saber1, Victoria M Brown1
1Shanika S. Kennedy, Lindsay B. Saber, Victoria M. Brown, Rachel A. Boehm, Amadin A. Olotu, Jeffery Osei, Jacob A. Pluznik, Ebrima Sidibeh, Victoria L. Phillips, and Anne C. Spaulding are with the Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Lindsey R. Riback and Matthew J. Akiyama are with the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY. Beth Jordan is with the DC Department of Corrections, Washington, DC. Eleni O'Donovan is with Unity Healthcare, Washington, DC. Anilkumar Mangla and Christine Nzokou are with the DC Department of Health, Washington, DC. Tracey L. Elam is with the Fulton County Sheriff's Office, Atlanta, GA. Jane Gubser, Steven Wilensky, and Chad J. Zawitz are with the Cook County Department of Corrections, Chicago, IL. Peter J. Koutoujian and Kashif A. Siddiqi are with the Middlesex Sheriff's Office, Billerica, MA. Alysse G. Wurcel is with Tufts Medicine, Boston, MA.
Abstract:
Objectives. To describe 4 unique models of operationalizing wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in jails of graduated sizes and different architectural designs. Methods. We summarize how jails of Cook County, Illinois (average daily population [ADP] 6000); Fulton County, Georgia (ADP 3000); Middlesex County, Massachusetts (ADP 875); and Washington, DC (ADP 1600) initiated WBS between 2020 and 2023. Results. Positive signals for SARS-CoV-2 via WBS can herald a new onset of infections in previously uninfected jail housing units. Challenges implementing WBS included political will and realized value, funding, understanding the building architecture, and the need for details in the findings. Conclusions. WBS has been effective for detecting outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 in different sized jails, those with both dorm- and cell-based architectural design. Public Health Implications. Given its effectiveness in monitoring SARS-CoV-2, WBS provides a model for population-based surveillance in carceral facilities for future infectious disease outbreaks. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(11):1232-1241. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307785).
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