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Metallic Solids

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....

Network Covalent Solids

Network Covalent Solids

Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...

Molecular and Ionic Solids

Molecular and Ionic Solids

Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...

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Updated: Jun 11, 2025

Molten-Salt Synthesis of Complex Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

Molten-Salt Synthesis of Complex Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

Published on: October 27, 2018

Solid-Solution MXenes: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications.

Arunoda Lakmal¹, Pratiksha B Thombre¹, Christopher E Shuck¹

¹Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States.

Accounts of Chemical Research

|October 2, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Solid-solution MXenes, a rapidly growing class of 2D materials, offer tunable properties through multi-elemental composition. This tunability enables novel applications by precisely controlling electronic, optical, and chemical characteristics.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Two-Dimensional (2D) Materials
Nanomaterials

Background:

MXenes are a fast-growing class of 2D materials with diverse applications.
Traditional MXenes primarily focus on single-element compositions (e.g., Ti3C2Tx).
Alloying is a known strategy for enhancing material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advancements in solid-solution MXenes.
To highlight the synthesis, properties, and applications of these tunable materials.
To demonstrate how multi-elemental compositions enable property tailoring for specific uses.

Main Methods:

Exploration of elemental substitution on metal (M) and carbon/nitrogen (X) sites.
Synthesis of multi-M (multi-metal) solid-solution MXenes.
Characterization of structural, chemical, electronic, optical, and mechanical properties.

Main Results:

Solid-solution MXenes offer a vast compositional and structural diversity.
Multi-M solid-solutions allow for precise control over material properties.
Tunable properties include electrical conductivity, optical responses, and chemical behavior.

Conclusions:

Solid-solution MXenes represent the most tunable class of MXenes.
Their unique properties, accessible through compositional engineering, are crucial for advanced applications.
Further research into solid-solution MXenes promises novel functionalities and expanded material design.