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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2025

A Two-Step Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography Method with Mass Spectrometric Detection for Identification of Tattoo Ink Ingredients and Counterfeit Products

A Two-Step Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography Method with Mass Spectrometric Detection for Identification of Tattoo Ink Ingredients and Counterfeit Products

Published on: May 22, 2019

Spectroscopic techniques and chemometrics for ink analysis: Document analysis application.

Ummugulsum Mirzanli¹, Pelin Guzel², Nuriye Akbay³

¹Division of Forensic Sciences, Institute of Postgraduate Education, Istanbul Medeniyet University, 34700 Istanbul, Turkey.

Spectrochimica Acta. Part A, Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy

|October 2, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a combined spectroscopic and chemometric method to detect falsified documents using ballpoint pen inks. The methodology, utilizing UV-Vis and FTIR-ATR spectroscopy, effectively identifies ink brands and detects forgeries even with limited sample sizes.

Keywords:

Chemometrics Forensic sciences Hierarchical cluster analysis Inks analysis Principal component analysis

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Published on: May 22, 2019

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Chromatographic Fingerprinting by Template Matching for Data Collected by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

Chromatographic Fingerprinting by Template Matching for Data Collected by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

Published on: September 2, 2020

Area of Science:

Forensic Science
Analytical Chemistry
Spectroscopy

Background:

Document forgery is a significant challenge in forensic investigations.
Reliable methods are needed to authenticate documents and identify counterfeit items.
Spectroscopic techniques offer non-destructive analysis for material characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a combined spectroscopic and chemometric methodology for detecting falsified documents.
To assess the discriminatory power of UV-Vis and FTIR-ATR spectroscopy for ballpoint pen ink analysis.
To demonstrate the application of the methodology in real-world forensic scenarios, including limited sample analysis.

Main Methods:

Application of UV-Vis and FTIR-ATR spectroscopy combined with Principal Component Analysis (PCA).
Analysis of eleven ballpoint pen ink samples (black, blue, red) from three brands in Türkiye.
Development of a dried sample preparation technique to enhance FTIR-ATR sensitivity for small samples.

Main Results:

FTIR-ATR spectroscopy exhibited higher discriminative power than UV-Vis for identifying ink brands.
UV-Vis spectroscopy effectively distinguished inks based on color.
The methodology successfully classified ballpoint inks and identified a falsified old-dated check sample.
FTIR-ATR analysis confirmed forgery detection from minimal sample amounts.

Conclusions:

The proposed methodology, integrating UV-Vis and FTIR-ATR spectroscopy with chemometrics, is effective for classifying and identifying ballpoint inks.
The technique is valuable for forensic applications, particularly in detecting document forgery from limited sample quantities.
This comprehensive approach is applicable even in resource-limited laboratories with basic spectroscopic capabilities.