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Imported epidemic non-A, non-B hepatitis in Qatar
Insights
This study on viral hepatitis in Qatar found most cases were immigrants, particularly Indian nationals with non-A, non-B hepatitis, likely contracted before arrival. Acute hepatitis B was also observed, but without delta virus co-infection.
Area of Science:
- Hepatology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Viral hepatitis remains a significant global health concern.
- Understanding the etiological agents and demographic distribution of viral hepatitis is crucial for effective public health interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the causes and transmission patterns of acute viral hepatitis among patients admitted to Hamad General Hospital in Qatar.
- To determine the prevalence of hepatitis A, B, and non-A, non-B hepatitis in this patient population.
- To identify risk factors and potential sources of infection, particularly among immigrant populations.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 198 patients admitted with acute viral hepatitis over one year.
- Serological testing for hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and delta virus markers in 126 patients.
- Analysis of patient demographics, focusing on nationality and recent travel history.
Main Results:
- The majority of patients (94%) were immigrants, with only 6% being Qatari nationals.
- Hepatitis A accounted for 7 cases, and hepatitis B for 29 cases (none with delta antibody).
- Acute non-A, non-B hepatitis was diagnosed in 91 patients (73%), predominantly Indian immigrants presenting shortly after arrival, suggesting infection acquired in transit.
Conclusions:
- Acute viral hepatitis in Qatar disproportionately affects immigrant populations.
- Non-A, non-B hepatitis is the most common form, with evidence suggesting acquisition during transit from India.
- Hepatitis B is prevalent but not associated with delta virus in this cohort.
Abstract:
During one year, 198 patients were admitted to the Hamad General Hospital, Qatar, with acute viral hepatitis. Sera from 126 of these were tested for HBsAg, IgM anti-HBc, IgG anti-HAV, IgM anti-HAV, and delta antibody in those positive for HBsAg. Only 6% of the patients were Qatari nationals and the remainder were immigrants. Of the 126 patients tested, 7 had acute hepatitis A, 29 had acute hepatitis B (none were positive for delta antibody), and the remaining 91 were regarded as having had acute non-A, non-B hepatitis. Of this latter group, 75% were Indian immigrants of whom 59% presented within six weeks of arrival in Qatar and only 2 patients presented later than eight weeks. These patients were thought to have contracted the infection in transit camps in India before immigration to Qatar.