Oxidized ionic polysaccharide hydrogels: Review on derived scaffolds characteristics and tissue engineering
Sabyasachi Maiti1, Biswajit Maji2, Hemant Badwaik3
1Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh, India.
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
|October 2, 2024
Summary
Periodate oxidation of polysaccharides creates injectable hydrogels for tissue engineering and wound healing. These biocompatible hydrogels offer enhanced cell adhesion and viability for regenerative applications.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Tissue Engineering
- Regenerative Medicine
Background:
- Polysaccharide hydrogels are valued for biocompatibility and adaptability in tissue engineering scaffolds.
- In vivo stability requires crosslinking of polysaccharides, with periodate oxidation offering a versatile modification method.
- Oxidized polysaccharides yield dialdehydes for crosslinking amine-containing macromolecules via imine/hydrazone bonds.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the periodate oxidation of various polysaccharides and their resulting hydrogel characteristics.
- To critically assess scientific advancements in wound healing and tissue engineering applications of these hydrogels.
- To highlight the potential of injectable hydrogels as host-tissue-mimetic environments.
Main Methods:
- Review of periodate oxidation procedures for alginate, hyaluronic acid, gellan gum, pectin, xanthan gum, and chitosan.
- Analysis of crosslinking mechanisms using dialdehyde-modified polysaccharides with amine-containing biomolecules.
- Examination of hydrogel modifications with antibiotics and inorganic substances.
Main Results:
- Periodate oxidation yields dialdehydes suitable for crosslinking with chitosan, gelatin, and peptides, forming stable hydrogels.
- These hydrogel systems have demonstrated efficacy in diverse applications including wound healing, cardiac, liver, bone, and cartilage regeneration.
- Modified hydrogels exhibit improved porosity, mechanical properties, swelling, and antibacterial activity.
Conclusions:
- Injectable, crosslinked oxidized polysaccharide hydrogels provide a cell-friendly environment conducive to scarless wound healing.
- These advanced hydrogels are highly suitable for a broad spectrum of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
- The review critically synthesizes current research on oxidized polysaccharide hydrogels for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
