Stormwater retention performance of tree integrated infiltration trenches designed for suburban streetscapes

The volume of stormwater generated by streetscapes in cities is a primary driver of urban stream degradation. Large infiltration trenches can be integrated into streetscapes to potentially retain large volumes of runoff and increase growth rates of nearby trees. To test this, a field study was conducted where three structural soil infiltration trenches receiving runoff (12 m long, 0.6 m wide and 0.6 deep) were installed alongside a carpark in Melbourne, Australia, with sizing determined by space constraints in a typical streetscape. The three structural soil trenches had raised outflow drainage, which created internal water storage for runoff received from a carpark. To separate the effects on tree growth of i) the presence of structural soil from ii) passive irrigation into the structural soil, three structural soil trenches (6 m long, 0.6 m wide and 0.6 deep) not receiving runoff and without outflow drainage were also installed. Runoff capture, exfiltration, outflow and tree growth was monitored over 19 months. Only one system performed close to the design intent and retained 18 % of runoff, due to slow soil exfiltration rates (<0.1 mm h^-1). Compacted soil generated pervious-area runoff that filled the structural soil trenches not receiving impervious-area runoff from the carpark. Tree growth near these structural soil trenches was poor (59 % relative growth) compared with trees receiving runoff from the carpark (112 % relative growth), due to a lack of drainage, emphasising the need for drainage of stormwater systems in heavy textured soils to promote tree growth. This study highlights that options for creating storage for stormwater in streetscapes have the potential to meet local runoff infiltration targets. However, meeting local runoff volume reduction targets will require alternative ways to reduce surface runoff.