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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

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Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
Begin by inspecting the perianal and anal areas for color, texture, rashes,...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management01:21

Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management

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Surgical interventions for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are essential in managing symptoms and addressing complications. The selection of surgical procedures is contingent upon the specific conditions and complications that stem from these illnesses.
Here are some common surgical interventions for IBD:
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
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Appendicitis-I: Introduction01:22

Appendicitis-I: Introduction

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The appendix, a small, narrow, blind tube extending from the inferior part of the cecum, is widely regarded as a vestigial organ, having lost much of its original function through evolution. Despite its diminished role, the appendix can become inflamed, a condition known as appendicitis.
Etiology: Appendicitis can arise from various causes, primarily rooted in the obstruction of the appendix lumen. Factors contributing to this obstruction include fecal accumulation, lymphoid hyperplasia and, in...
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Imaging Studies III: Gastrointestinal Motility Studies and Virtual Colonoscopy01:26

Imaging Studies III: Gastrointestinal Motility Studies and Virtual Colonoscopy

56
This lesson explores three gastrointestinal imaging techniques: radionuclide testing, colonic transit studies, and virtual colonoscopy.
Radionuclide Testing
Radionuclide testing is a sophisticated medical technique for assessing gastrointestinal motility. It focuses on gastric emptying and colonic transit time. Radioactive markers track the movement of food through the digestive system, providing insights into gastrointestinal disorders.
In gastric emptying studies, a meal's liquid and...
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

Irritable Bowel Syndrome II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Evaluation

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Irritable Bowel Syndrome II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Evaluation
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is classified into subtypes based on the predominant bowel habits as determined by the Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS). The subtypes are:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2025

Functional Assessment of Intestinal Motility and Gut Wall Inflammation in Rodents: Analyses in a Standardized Model of Intestinal Manipulation
09:44

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Meconium Ileal Obstruction and Functional Immaturity: Review.

Lisieux Eyer de Jesus1, Tania Cristina Lund1, Claudia Tavares Regadas1

  • 1Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hospital Federal dos Servidores do Estado, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Journal of Pediatric Surgery
|October 2, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Ileal obstruction due to thick meconium in premature infants (IOMFI) often presents with abdominal distension. Early diagnosis and water-soluble contrast enemas are key to successful treatment, with surgery reserved for complications.

Keywords:
Extreme prematureIntestinal obstructionLow-birth-weight prematureMeconium ileus

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatalogy
  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Ileal obstruction caused by thick meconium associated with functional immaturity (IOMFI) is an uncommon condition in premature infants.
  • Late or incorrect diagnosis of IOMFI poses significant challenges.
  • Understanding IOMFI's clinical profile and treatment is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical characteristics of IOMFI.
  • To examine the therapeutic approaches for IOMFI.

Main Methods:

  • A critical descriptive literature review was conducted.
  • Analysis of clinical data and treatment outcomes from existing studies.

Main Results:

  • Premature infants often develop IOMFI in their second week of life, presenting with abdominal distension.
  • Radiological findings include diffuse intestinal distention and a distal ileal caliber transition zone.
  • Most patients respond to water-soluble contrast enemas, with surgery indicated for non-responders or perforations.

Conclusions:

  • Literature on IOMFI is limited, often based on small, heterogeneous cohorts.
  • Successful treatment with contrast enemas depends on reflux through the ileocecal valve and early intervention.
  • Real-time ultrasound or intermittent radiography can guide contrast inflow during enema administration.